Table 4.
Adjusted Odds of Ever Receiving an HIV Test in Relation to Sexual Orientation Identity and Race/Ethnicity Among U.S. Women and Men Aged 18–64 Years (N = 113,068)
| Women (n = 60,867) | Men (n = 52,201) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model 3 OR (95% CI) | Model 1 OR (95% CI) | Model 2 OR (95% CI) | Model 3 OR (95% CI) |
| Sexual Orientation Identity-Stratified Models | ||||||
| Heterosexual | ||||||
| White (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | 2.63 (2.47–2.81) | 2.60 (2.43–2.78) | 2.68 (2.50–2.88) | 2.71 (2.53–2.90) | 2.77 (2.58–2.97) | 2.74 (2.55–2.94) |
| Latina/o | 1.50 (1.42–1.60) | 1.33 (1.25–1.41) | 1.28 (1.19–1.37) | 1.23 (1.15–1.31) | 1.20 (1.12–1.28) | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) |
| Asian | 0.80 (0.73–0.87) | 0.69 (0.64–0.76) | 0.71 (0.64–0.78) | 0.82 (0.74–0.91) | 0.80 (0.72–0.89) | 0.72 (0.64–0.80) |
| Bisexual | ||||||
| White (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | 2.38 (1.46–3.88) | 2.71 (1.60–4.57) | 3.40 (1.97–5.87) | 2.47 (1.02–5.98) | 2.21 (0.90–5.41) | 2.67 (1.14–6.29) |
| Latina/o | 0.80 (0.51–1.26) | 0.88 (0.55–1.40) | 0.97 (0.61–1.54) | 1.83 (0.95–3.54) | 1.67 (0.83–3.33) | 2.63 (1.17–5.91) |
| Asian | 0.27 (0.10–0.73) | 0.33 (0.12–0.90) | 0.41 (0.14–1.20) | 0.46 (0.14–1.55) | 0.41 (0.11–1.47) | 0.65 (0.17–2.42) |
| Lesbian/gay | ||||||
| White (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black | 2.97 (1.92–4.58) | 3.03 (1.95–4.71) | 3.08 (1.94–4.88) | 1.15 (0.64–2.06) | 1.30 (0.69–2.46) | 1.43 (0.75–2.73) |
| Latina/o | 1.11 (0.73–1.68) | 1.16 (0.75–1.79) | 1.10 (0.67–1.81) | 2.09 (1.15–3.78) | 2.21 (1.22–4.01) | 2.26 (1.19–4.29) |
| Asian | 0.48 (0.20–1.15) | 0.42 (0.17–1.06) | 0.40 (0.15–1.08) | 0.54 (0.28–1.04) | 0.64 (0.33–1.23) | 0.45 (0.21–0.99) |
| Race/Ethnicity-Stratified Models | ||||||
| White | ||||||
| Heterosexual (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Bisexual | 2.11 (1.73–2.57) | 1.96 (1.60–2.40) | 1.85 (1.50–2.29) | 1.81 (1.33–2.46) | 2.10 (1.53–2.87) | 2.04 (1.47–2.82) |
| Lesbian/gay | 1.36 (1.12–1.65) | 1.37 (1.11–1.67) | 1.37 (1.11–1.70) | 9.96 (8.01–12.40) | 10.38 (8.35–12.89) | 10.10 (8.09–12.62) |
| Black | ||||||
| Heterosexual (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Bisexual | 1.82 (1.15–2.88) | 1.63 (1.02–2.60) | 1.71 (1.06–2.76) | 1.71 (0.73–4.00) | 1.73 (0.75–4.00) | 1.81 (0.76–4.28) |
| Lesbian/gay | 1.48 (1.01–2.18) | 1.28 (0.87–1.89) | 1.29 (0.87–1.91) | 4.27 (2.47–7.39) | 4.59 (2.62–8.05) | 4.86 (2.74–8.62) |
| Latina/o | ||||||
| Heterosexual (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Bisexual | 1.11 (0.75–1.66) | 1.09 (0.73–1.63) | 1.03 (0.68–1.55) | 2.62 (1.44–4.76) | 2.79 (1.53–5.11) | 2.89 (1.55–5.38) |
| Lesbian/gay | 1.02 (0.70–1.50) | 1.09 (0.73–1.61) | 1.02 (0.70–1.50) | 16.94 (9.69–29.63) | 17.91 (10.31–31.12) | 17.92 (10.29–31.19) |
| Asian | ||||||
| Heterosexual (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Bisexual | 0.78 (0.30–2.05) | 0.90 (0.33–2.42) | 0.79 (0.30–2.12) | 1.05 (0.35–3.15) | 1.07 (0.33–3.46) | 0.98 (0.32–3.03) |
| Lesbian/gay | 0.86 (0.37–1.97) | 0.76 (0.31–1.86) | 0.64 (0.25–1.68) | 6.14 (3.21–11.78) | 6.82 (3.72–12.53) | 6.43 (3.46–11.94) |
| Sexual Orientation Identity and Racial/Ethnic Subgroups | ||||||
| White heterosexual (reference) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Black heterosexual | 2.63 (2.47–2.81) | 2.60 (2.43–2.79) | 2.69 (2.50–2.88) | 2.71 (2.53–2.90) | 2.77 (2.59–2.97) | 2.74 (2.55–2.94) |
| Latinx heterosexual | 1.50 (1.42–1.60) | 1.33 (1.25–1.41) | 1.28 (1.20–1.38) | 1.23 (1.15–1.31) | 1.20 (1.12–1.28) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) |
| Asian heterosexual | 0.80 (0.73–0.87) | 0.70 (0.64–0.76) | 0.71 (0.65–0.79) | 0.82 (0.74–0.91) | 0.80 (0.72–0.89) | 0.72 (0.64–0.81) |
| White bisexual | 2.10 (1.73–2.57) | 1.92 (1.56–2.35) | 1.80 (1.46–2.22) | 1.81 (1.33–2.46) | 2.08 (1.53–2.85) | 2.03 (1.48–2.80) |
| Black bisexual | 4.82 (3.03–7.68) | 4.63 (2.87–7.47) | 5.24 (3.20–8.58) | 4.54 (1.91–10.78) | 4.70 (2.00–11.00) | 4.98 (2.14–11.61) |
| Latinx bisexual | 1.69 (1.13–2.52) | 1.49 (0.99–2.24) | 1.39 (0.93–2.10) | 3.20 (1.77–5.80) | 3.41 (1.89–6.16) | 3.09 (1.70–5.64) |
| Asian bisexual | 0.63 (0.24–1.62) | 0.60 (0.22–1.60) | 0.57 (0.21–1.50) | 0.85 (0.29–2.50) | 0.85 (0.27–2.73) | 0.77 (0.24–2.46) |
| White lesbian/gay | 1.36 (1.12–1.64) | 1.36 (1.11–1.67) | 1.34 (1.08–1.66) | 9.96 (8.00–12.39) | 10.33 (8.31–12.83) | 10.13 (8.11–12.64) |
| Black lesbian/gay | 3.92 (2.67–5.75) | 3.51 (2.40–5.13) | 3.84 (2.60–5.65) | 11.62 (6.73–20.06) | 12.60 (7.22–21.96) | 12.91 (7.36–22.64) |
| Latinx lesbian/gay | 1.53 (1.05–2.22) | 1.47 (0.99–2.20) | 1.37 (0.91–2.06) | 20.81 (11.85–36.57) | 21.89 (12.57–38.11) | 19.19 (11.01–33.44) |
| Asian lesbian/gay | 0.68 (0.29–1.55) | 0.53 (0.22–1.28) | 0.49 (0.19–1.25) | 5.14 (2.70–9.79) | 5.73 (3.13–10.50) | 5.14 (2.76–9.56) |
Bolded values refer to ORs with 95% CIs that exclude 1. Model 1 is adjusted for survey year only. Model 2 adds age to Model 1. Model 3 adds other demographic factors (i.e., nativity, geographic region, and relationship status) to Model 2. All models account for the complex survey design.
OR, odds ratio.