Table 1. Distribution of Concentrations of Organophosphate Flame Retardants (nanograms per milliliter) in Breast Milk (n = 100) from the United States.

	procedural blank	LOQa	% DFb (>LOQ)	AMc,f	SDd,f	25th	50th	75th	95th	range
TNBP	0.184	0.301	88	0.539 (0.488–0.591)	0.265	0.390	0.525	0.620	1.01	<LOQ to 1.82
TIBP	0.176	0.275	88	0.569 (0.515–0.625)	0.272	0.373	0.545	0.735	1.09	<LOQ to 1.55
TMPP	0.002	0.010	85	0.021 (0.019–0.024)	0.012	0.010	0.020	0.030	0.050	NDe to 0.060
TEP	0.154	0.354	32	0.350 (0.287–0.418)	0.333	g	g	g	g	ND to 2.17
TPHP	0.032	0.109	55	0.149 (0.119–0.178)	0.146	g	g	g	g	ND to 0.760
TPP	ND	0.023	0	ND	g	g	g	g	g	ND
TBOEP	0.012	0.114	97	1.44 (1.29–1.58)	0.789	0.855	1.41	1.92	2.95	ND to 4.01
TCEP	0.002	0.026	37	0.036 (0.022–0.055)	0.086	g	g	g	g	ND to 0.800
TCIPP	0.128	0.390	20	0.221 (0.162–0.289)	0.326	g	g	g	g	ND to 2.51
TEHP	0.058	0.256	35	0.245 (0.197–0.291)	0.244	g	g	g	g	ND to 1.23
EHDPP	0.002	0.010	25	0.022 (0.012–0.034)	0.058	g	g	g	g	ND to 0.340
IDDP	0.005	0.023	19	0.013 (0.011–0.016)	0.014	g	g	g	g	ND to 0.070
CDPP	0.001	0.005	12	0.005 (0.002–0.008)	0.016	g	g	g	g	ND to 0.080
TMP	ND	0.166	0	ND	g	g	g	g	g	ND
∑OPEsf				3.61 (3.35–3.88)	1.40	2.64	3.46	4.47	6.07	0.670–7.83

^aLOQ, limit of quantification.

^bDF, detection frequency.

^cAM, arithmetic mean (99% confidence intervals).

^dSD, standard deviation.

^eND, not detected.

^fValues below LOQ were estimated using LOQ/2 and nondetects were set to zero for statistical analysis.

^gPercentiles are not given because of their low DF (<80%).