Table 4.
Roles in Mood Disorders
| MHb | IPN | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Technique | Finding | Reference | Technique | Finding | Reference |
| PET in stress-treated rats | Hb identified as central in network of brain regions | Mirrione, M. M., et al., 2014 | Inhibition of afferent terminals in IPN | Place aversion | Hsu, Y. W., et al., 2014 |
| Chronic mild stress in rats | Altered SST release and SST2 receptor expression in MHb distinguish stress-responsive from non-responsive | Faron-Gorecka, A. et al., 2016 | Stress-evoked helplessness treated with fluoxetine in rats | Fluoxetine was protective, correlated with altered metabolic activity in IPN | Padilla, E., et al., 2011 |
| Learned helplessness in rats | Altered miRNA associated with MAPK, neutrophin, and ErbB in MHb & LHb | Svenningsen, K., et al., 2016 | Electrolytic lesion of IPN | Inferior retention of conditioned avoidance response | Thompson, R., 1960 |
| Genetic ablation of dorsal MHb | Reduced wheel running activity | Hsu, Y. W., et al., 2014 | Chronic nicotine administration | Increased CRF release to ventral IPN | Zhao-Shea, R., et al., 2015 |
| Optogenetic self-stimulation of dorsal MHb | Preference for stimulation | Hsu, Y. W., et al., 2014 | Chronic nicotine administration | Increased CRF1 receptor expression in ventral IPN | Zhao-Shea, R., et al., 2015 |
| Rats bred for susceptibility to helplessness | Increased markers of metabolic activity in MHb & LHb | Shumake, J. et al., 2003 | Blockade of CRF1 receptor in IPN | Reduced anxiety-associated behaviors during nicotine withdrawal | Zhao-Shea, R., et al., 2015 |
| Stress-evoked helplessness treated with fluoxetine in rats | Fluoxetine was protective, correlated with altered metabolic activity in Hb | Padilla, E., et al., 2011 | |||
| PET in depressed patients treated with ketamine | Reduced metabolism in the Hb | Carlson, P. J., et al., 2013 | |||
| Post-mortem study of brain sections of patients with depression | Reduced volume, cell number, and mean cell areas in MHb | Ranft, K., et al., 2010 | |||
| Elimination of MHb afferents from TS & BAC | Disrupted anxiety-associated behaviors | Yamaguchi, T., et al., 2013 | |||
| Acute & chronic restraint stress | Elevated IL-18 in dorsal MHb | Sugama, S., et al., 2002 | |||
| Subordination paradigm | Elevated mast cell numbers in the Hb | Cirulli, F., et al., 1998 | |||
| Inhibition or lesion of dMHb in zebrafish | Elevated freezing behavior, elevated anxiety, elevated alarm substance secretion | Agetsuma, M., et al., 2010; Lee, A., et al., 2010; Mathuru, A.S., et al., 2013 | |||
| MRI of un-medicated patients with bipolar disorder | Reduced Hb volumes | Savitz, J.B., et al., 2011 | |||