Forskolin-stimulated cAMP generation is reduced in Nf1-/- astrocytes, whereas db-cAMP-induced calcium influx and Rap1 activation is similar in both Nf1-/- and Nf1+/+ astrocytes. a, cAMP generation in response to PACAP and forskolin is reduced in Nf1-/- astrocytes (black bars) compared with Nf1+/+ astrocytes (white bar). b, Calcium influx in response to PACAP is reduced in Nf1-/- astrocytes (black bars) compared with Nf1+/+ astrocytes (white bar), but equivalent in response to db-cAMP stimulation. c, Whereas Rap1 activation (Rap1-GTP) in response to PACAP is reduced in Nf1-/- compared with Nf1+/+ astrocytes, equivalent levels of Rap1 activation were observed in response to db-cAMP. Each error bar represents mean ± SD. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences (*p = 0.001; **p = 0.007).