PKC mediates the depolarizing effects of ORX-A on NTS neurons. A, aCSF containing TPA (a cell membrane-permeable, specific PKC agonist) (100 nm) depolarized this NTS neuron in a manner similar to ORX-A. Calibration: vertical, 10 mV; horizontal, 60 sec. The dashed line indicates baseline membrane potential. B, This NTS neuron was recorded in aCSF containing 1 μm BIS II (a cell membrane-permeable, specific PKC antagonist) and, as illustrated, was unaffected by ORX-A. Calibration: vertical, 10 mV; horizontal, 60 sec. The dashed line indicates baseline membrane potential. C, This bar graph summarizes the depolarization of NTS neurons caused by 10-8m ORX-A (7.8 ± 0.2 mV; n = 55), 10-8m ORX-A with 1 μm BIS II in aCSF (0.1 ± 0.1 mV; n = 6), and 100 nm TPA (9.1 ± 0.3 mV; n = 7). Error bars indicate SE.