The effects of MDMA on motor activity (a), motor disability (b), and dyskinesia (c-e) in MPTP-treated, l-DOPA-primed common marmosets treated with a combination of 12.5 mg/kg l-DOPA and 12.5 mg/kg carbidopa. In l-DOPA/carbidopa-treated animals, MDMA at 3-12 mg/kg dose dependently inhibited locomotor activity (a) but did not affect the ability of l-DOPA/carbidopa treatment in affecting motor disability (b). Administration of l-DOPA in primed marmosets led to a robust expression of dyskinesia (c) consisting of chorea (d) and dystonia (e). MDMA concentration dependently inhibited dyskinesia, chorea, and dystonia.