a–e, SNL induces p38 activation in DRG neurons. a–c, Immunohistochemistry shows p-p38 staining in the L5 DRG of naive control rats (a) and SNL rats at 3 d (b). c, Quantification of p-p38 levels in the L5 DRG. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 (ANOVA) versus naive control; n = 3. d, e, Double immunofluorescence shows colocalization of p-p38 with NF-200 in DRG neurons 3 d after SNL. Arrows indicate small satellite cells. Scale bars: (in b) a, b, 100 μm; (in e) d, e, 50 μm. Cont, Control.