Fig. 2.

Glial cell activation in the hippocampus after pneumococcal meningitis. Coronal brain sections stained with anti-GFAP to discover astrocytes (a) or anti-Iba-1 to identify activated microglial cells (b) 36 h after infection with S. pneumoniae. The figures show representative results from 1 of 3 independent experiments (scale bar = 100 μm). A detailed section was included. Please note that noninfected CRAMP-KO mice showed a stronger endogenous GFAP and Iba-1 immunoreactivity compared to noninfected WT mice.