Table 1.
Overview of in vivo studies investigating the contribution of complement to murine ApoE−/− and LDLR−/− phenotypes
| Ref. No. | Complement | Background | Sex | Model | Control | Diet | End week | Effects on lipids | Effects on lesion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23 | C6−/− | C57BL/6 | ♂ | C6−/−/ApoE−/− | ApoE−/− | HFD (0.15% C) | 16/20 | not determined | ↓ |
| CD59−/− | ♂ | CD59−/−/ApoE−/− | no difference | ↑ | |||||
| 31 | C3aR1−/− | B6 | ♂, ♀ | C3aR1−/−/ApoE−/− | ApoE−/− | HFD (0.15 % C, 42% fat) | 24 | no difference | ♀ size ↓, ♂ no difference |
| 24 | CD55−/− | C57BL/6J | ♂, ♀ | DAF−/−/ApoE−/− | ApoE−/− | HFD (0.15% C, 20% fat) | 14 | not determined | no significant difference |
| 22 | not determined | no significant difference | |||||||
| CD59−/− | ♂, ♀ | CD59−/−/ApoE−/− | ApoE−/− | 14 | ↑ total serum C in ♀ | more extensive lesion area and size ♀ | |||
| 22 | slight ↑ total serum C in ♀ | even more extensive lesion area only ♀ | |||||||
| 25 | CD59ab−/− | C57BL/6 | ♂, ♀ | CD59−/−/ApoE−/− | ApoE−/− | HFD (1.37% C, Ch-free, 20.1% fat) | 14/22 | no difference | ↑ |
| 26 | CD59a−/− | C57BL/6 | ♀ | CD59−/−/LDLR−/− | LDLR−/− | LFD (no C, 5.2% fat) | 22 | no difference in C, T, lipoprotein profile | lesion ↑ |
| HFD (0.25% C, Ch-free, 16% fat) |
no difference in C, T, lipoprotein profile | lesion ↑, more complex | |||||||
| 29 | CD55−/− | C57BL/6 | ♀ | CD55−/−/LDLR−/− | LDLR−/− | LFD | 22 | no difference in C, T, lipoprotein profile | ↑ lesion, ↑ lipid deposition |
| HFD | 22 | no difference in C, T, lipoprotein profile | ↑ lipid deposition | ||||||
| 30 | CD55−/− | C57BL/6/ | ♂ | CD55−/−/ApoE−/− | ApoE−/− | HFD (0.15% C, 21% fat) | 20 | ↓ serum T and cholesterol | ↓ lesion |
| 129Ola | |||||||||
| 37 | C1qa−/− | C57BL/6 | ♀ | sIgM−/−/C1q−/−/LDLR−/− | LDLR−/− | LFD (5.2% fat) | 22 | not determined | 4.1-fold ↑, more complex |
| HFD (0.25% C, Ch-free, 16% fat) | 33% ↑ lesion size | ||||||||
| C1q−/− LDLR−/− | LFD (5.2% fat) | 2.8-fold ↑ in lesions no difference | |||||||
| HFD (0.25% C, Ch-free, 16% fat) | |||||||||
| 28 | C1qa−/− | C57BL/6 | ♀ | C1qa−/−/LDLR−/− | LDLR−/− | LFD | 22 | no difference in lipoprotein profile | 3-fold ↑ |
| HFD (0.25% C, Ch-free) | no difference in lipoprotein profile | 10-fold ↑ vs. LFD controls, no difference vs. HFD controls | |||||||
| 27 | MBL-A/-C−/− | C57BL/6, BM chimera | ♀ | MBL-A/-C−/−/LDLR−/− | LDLR−/−/MBL-A/ -C+/+ | HFD (0.15% C, Ch-free, 16% fat) | 10 | no difference in T or C | 30% ↑ plaque surface compared to wild-type mice |
| 9 | C3−/− | C57BL/6J × 129BL6 | ♂, ♀ | C3−/− LDLR−/− | C3+/–/ LDLR−/− | HFD (1.25% C) | 15 | no difference in serum lipid content | ↑ lipid deposition, ↑ lesion |
| 33 | C3−/− | C57BL/6J/ 129Ola | ♂ | C3−/−/ApoE−/−/LDLR−/− | ApoE−/−/LDLR−/− | normal chow | 16 | 58% ↑ in serum T; C not affected | 84% ↑, more advanced lesions |
| C57BL/6J/ 129Ola | 26 | 79% ↑ in serum T; C not affected | no difference in lesion size | ||||||
| Bf−/− | C57BL/6J/ 129Ola | ♂ | Bf−/−/ApoE−/−/LDLR−/− | ApoE−/−/LDLR−/− | normal chow | 16 | no difference in T or C | no difference in lesion size | |
| C57BL/6J/ 129Ola | 26 | no difference in T or C | no difference in lesion size | ||||||
| 32 | Bf−/− | C57BL/6 | ♀ | Bf−/−/LDLR−/− | LDLR−/− | LFD | 22 | no difference | no difference in lesion area |
| HFD | ↓ in serum C (VLDL, LDL) | no difference in lesion area; lesion size ↓ | |||||||
| 35 | C5−/−, B10.D2-H2 | C57BL/6J × C57BL/10SnJ | ♂ | C5−/−/ApoE−/− | ApoE−/− | HFD (0.15% C) | 22 | no difference in T or C | no difference in lesion area |
| ♀ | no difference in lesion area, but ↓ than ♂ | ||||||||
T = Triglycerides; C = cholesterol; Ch = cholate (cholate facilitates fat and cholesterol absorption); LFD = low-fat diet; VLDL = very low-density lipoprotein; ↑ = increase; ↓ = decrease.