Change in the mean firing rate of GPe and GPi neurons during 136 Hz STN stimulation in the two monkeys.A–C, Monkey R7160. During 1.4 V stimulation, the firing rates did not change significantly in either GPe or GPi, but during 1.8 V stimulation, the mean discharge rate increased significantly, and the percentage of neurons displaying a change in the firing rate showed a strong shift to excitation in both GPe and GPi. D–F, Monkey R370. Stimulation of 2.0 V did not induce a significant change in the firing rate, but 3.0 V stimulation increased the firing rate significantly and shifted the percentage of neurons to excitation in both GPe and GPi. Asterisks indicate a significant difference in on versus off stimulation conditions. Significant differences: *p < 0.01, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.001; t test.