Table 3. Speckle tracking derived markers of left ventricular myocardial deformation in female participants by age group.

Age group (years)	30–39	40–49	50–59	60–79	P
GL-PSS [%]
N	28	73	42	34
mean (SD)	-20.7 (2.2)	-20.5 (1.8)	-20.7 (1.6)	-19.6 (2.4)	0.120*
2SD range	-25.1; -16.3	-24.1; -16.9	-24.1; -17.3	-24.4; -14.8
Systolic strain rate [s-1]
N	38	97	53	40
mean (SD)	-1.06 (0.15)	-1.02 (0.13)	-1.02 (0.10)	-0.98 (0.15)	0.174*
2SD range	-1.36; -0.76	-1.28; -0.76	-1.22; -0.82	-1.28; -0.68
Early diastolic strain rate [s-1]
N	38	97	53	40
mean (SD)	1.69 (0.35)	1.52 (0.35)	1.35 (0.27)	1.15 (0.36)	<0.001
2SD range	0.99; 2.39	0.82; 2.22	0.81; 1.89	0.43; 1.87
Late diastolic strain rate [s-1]
N	37	97	52	40
mean (SD)	0.65 (0.15)	0.69 (0.15)	0.82 (0.15)	0.94 (0.16)	<0.001
2SD range	0.35; 0.95	0.39; 0.99	0.52; 1.12	0.62; 1.26

Values are given as mean ± standard deviation. P values refer to the comparison of age groups using ANCOVA or *Welch´s test, depending on equality of variance in Levene´s test. To increase statistical power, the two top decades were combined. SD = standard deviation, CI = confidence interval, GL-PSS = global longitudinal peak systolic strain