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| Cost factor | Physical | Chemical | Cu/Zn NPs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Heat and energy requirement | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Chemicals (acid/alkali/ammonia) | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| pH neutralization | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Detoxification/conditioning | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Special reactor construction | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 5 | 9 | 1 |
