Table 1. Characteristic of the included studies.

First author, Year	Country	Disease	No. of patients (Exp/control)	No. of catheters (Exp/control)	Tunneled or nontunneled catheter	No. of catheters days (Exp/control)	Intervention
							Exp	Control
Sanders 2008[16]	New Zealand	hematology	34/30	34/30	tunneled	5000/3537	70% ethanol	heparin
Slobbe 2010[17]	Netherlands	hematology	376	226/222	tunneled	14262/13483	70% ethanol	0.9% NaCl
Broom 2012[18]	Australia	hemodialysis	25/24	25/24	tunneled	3614/1834	70% ethanol	heparin
Yang 2013[19]	China	hemodialysis	20/20	20/20	not reported	not reported	70% ethanol	heparin
Sun 2014[20]	China	hemodialysis	16/16	16/16	tunneled	4449/4363	70% ethanol	heparin
Worth 2014[21]	Australia	hematology	42/43	42/43	tunneled	2216/2657	70% ethanol	heparin
Schoot 2015[22]	Netherlands	pediatric oncology	153/154	153/154	tunneled	20916/19915	70% ethanol	heparin
Souweine 2015[23]	France	renal-replacement therapy or plasma exchange	730/730	1106/1066	nontunneled	6541/6496	60% wt/wt ethanol	0.9% NaCl
Salonen 2017[24]	USA	parenteral nutrition	18/20	18/20	not reported	2597/ 3125	70% ethanol	heparin

Exp, experimental group; Control, control group