Table 3. Correlations at Age 79 Among General Cognitive Ability, Hearing Impairment, Demographic and Health Variables, and IQ at Age 11.

Variable	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
Note. HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score; HMSO social class = Her Majesty’s Stationery Office social class. Higher hearing impairment score = poorer hearing, higher social class score = higher social class; smoking status coded as 1 = never smoker, 2 = ex-smoker and 3 = current smoker; sex coded as 1 = male, 2 = female; higher HADS score = greater level of depression or anxiety. Estimates from analysis excluding participants with possible cognitive impairment. Pearson correlation coefficients are reported for correlations between continuous variables and between continuous and dichotomous variables (Point-Biserial correlations). Spearman’s correlation coefficients are reported for correlations involving ordinal variables (hearing impairment, social class, and smoking status).
* p < .05. ** p < .001.
1. General cognitive ability	—
2. Hearing impairment	−.129**	—
3. Age 11 IQ	.536**	−.066	—
4. HMSO social class	.320**	−.122**	.390**	—
5. Smoking status	−.055	−.002	−.074	−.001	—
6. Diabetes	−.093*	.076	−.093*	.000	.091	—
7. CVD	−.092*	.069	−.062	.013	.133**	.003	—
8. Stroke	−.085	.049	−.045	.044	.027	.120**	−.027	—
9. Hypertension	−.051	.028	−.032	.008	.054	.148**	.123**	.167**	—
10. Sex	.017	−.095*	.090*	.159**	−.062	−.060	−.107*	−.040	−.001	—
11. HADS	−.189**	.070	−.094*	−.057	.019	.006	.048	.008	.075	.080	—