TABLE 3.
Subdistribution Hazard Ratio for Incident Frailty in Participants With Depressive Symptomatology (either EURO-D or ICD-10 criteria) at Baseline
| Modified Fried Phenotype Frailty (2–4 Characteristics) |
Modified Fried Phenotype Frailty (3–4 Characteristics) |
Multidimensional Frailty |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 SHR (95% CI)a |
Model 2 SHR (95% CI)a |
Model 3 SHR (95% CI)a |
Model 1 SHR (95% CI)a |
Model 2 SHR (95% CI)a |
Model 3 SHR (95% CI)a |
Model 1 SHR (95% CI)a |
Model 2 SHR (95% CI)a |
Model 3 SHR (95% CI)a |
|
| Cuba | 1.41 (1.05, 1.90) | 1.28 (0.94, 1.74) | 1.24 (0.91, 1.69) | 2.59 (1.20, 5.60) | 2.24 (0.98, 5.12) | 2.17 (0.93, 5.03) | 1.00 (0.79, 1.25) | 0.97 (0.77, 1.23) | 0.99 (0.79, 1.26) |
| DR | 1.91 (1.47, 2.47) | 1.70 (1.30, 2.23) | 1.54 (1.15, 2.08) | 2.95 (1.66, 5.23) | 2.50 (1.39, 4.48) | 1.92 (0.99, 3.71) | 1.46 (1.14, 1.87) | 1.34 (1.03, 1.73) | 1.32 (1.00, 1.73) |
| Peru | 1.31 (0.95, 1.82) | 1.31 (0.93, 1.84) | 1.22 (0.86, 1.73) | 0.57 (0.17, 1.93) | 0.57 (0.16, 1.98) | 0.34 (0.08, 1.44) | 1.39 (1.00, 1.94) | 1.38 (0.97, 1.96) | 1.33 (0.93, 1.89) |
| Venezuela | 3.00 (1.96, 4.60) | 2.93 (1.89, 4.52) | 2.65 (1.67, 4.22) | 2.96 (0.75, 11.21) | 2.35 (0.61, 9.02) | 2.00 (0.43, 9.21) | 1.29 (0.90, 1.85) | 1.26 (0.87, 1.85) | 1.23 (0.83, 1.82) |
| Mexico | 1.72 (1.38, 2.15) | 1.62 (1.29, 2.04) | 1.52 (1.20, 1.93) | 1.66 (0.90, 3.07) | 1.59 (0.83, 3.08) | 1.47 (0.79, 2.74) | 1.36 (1.10, 1.69) | 1.27 (1.02, 1.59) | 1.23 (0.98, 1.54) |
| Puerto Rico | 2.78 (2.11, 3.67) | 2.52 (1.90, 3.35) | 2.18 (1.61, 2.95) | 3.38 (1.81, 6.31) | 2.94 (1.52, 5.68) | 2.18 (1.11, 4.26) | 1.36 (1.04, 1.76) | 1.32 (1.01, 1.74) | 1.21 (0.91, 1.61) |
| Pooled | 1.87 (1.66, 2.10) | 1.74 (1.54, 1.96) | 1.59 (1.40, 1.80) | 2.36 (1.75, 3.18) | 2.09 (1.53, 2.86) | 1.71 (1.24, 2.38) | 1.29 (1.16, 1.43) | 1.23 (1.10, 1.37) | 1.19 (1.06, 1.33) |
| I2 | 76.3 | 73.5 | 63.3 | 41.2 | 20.2 | 17.0 | 20.3 | 2.5 | 0.0 |
Notes: Model 1: unadjusted; Model 2: adjusted for age, sex, and education level; Model 3: adjusted for age, sex, education level, number of physical impairments, and dementia. DR: Dominican Republic; SHR: subdistribution hazard ratio. aZ-test for coefficients estimated in competing risk models and pooled estimates in meta-analysis.