Table 1:
Characteristics of the Patient Cohort (N=485,513)
| Patient Characteristics | Opioid-Dependence or Abuse Hospitalization n=592 (0.12%) N (%) |
Opioid-Overdose Hospitalization n=273 (0.06%) N (%) |
Non- Opioid Related Hospitalization n=484,648 (99.8%) N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y a, d | |||
| <35 | 141 (23.9) | 20 (7.3) | 15,961 (3.3) |
| 35-55 | 227 (38.4) | 75 (27.5) | 96,994 (20.0) |
| 56-75 | 215 (36.4) | 156 (57.1) | 293,758 (60.6) |
| ≥76 | 8 (1.4) | 22 (8.1) | 77,934 (16.1) |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 547 (92.4) | 246 (90.1) | 452,103 (93.3) |
| Female | 45 (7.6) | 27 (9.9) | 32,545 (6.7) |
| Racee | |||
| White | 460 (77.7) | 216 (79.1) | 355,218 (73.3) |
| Black | 101 (17.1) | 40 (14.7) | 92,618 (19.1) |
| Other/Unknown | 31 (5.2) | 17 (6.2) | 36,812 (7.6) |
| Ethnicityf | |||
| Hispanic | 23 (3.9) | 9 (3.3) | 25,173 (5.2) |
| Not Hispanic | 569 (96.1) | 264 (96.7) | 459,475 (94.8) |
| Mean Opioid Dosage (MME) pre-hospitalization* c,d | |||
| 0 | 192 (32.4) | 70 (25.6) | 255,496 (52.7) |
| < 50 | 233 (39.4) | 100 (36.6) | 185,540 (38.3) |
| 50-90 | 60 (10.1) | 44 (16.1) | 24,694 (5.1) |
| >90 | 107 (18.1) | 59 (21.6) | 18,918 (3.9) |
| Diagnoses | |||
| Depressionb, d | 397 (67.1) | 154 (56.4) | 178,037 (36.7) |
| SMId | 121 (20.4) | 66 (24.2) | 47,028 (9.7) |
| PTSDc,d | 232 (39.2) | 83 (30.4) | 92,225 (19.0) |
| Anxietya, f | 229 (38.7) | 61 (22.3) | 73,323 (15.1) |
| SUDa, d | 503 (85.0) | 103 (37.7) | 94,250 (19.5) |
| Acute Painf | 187 (31.6) | 94 (34.4) | 139,126 (28.7) |
| Chronic Paind | 534 (90.2) | 248 (90.8) | 397,670 (82.1) |
| Headached | 87 (14.7) | 43 (15.8) | 50,326 (10.4) |
| Neuropathyc,e | 34 (5.7) | 29 (10.6) | 50,264 (10.4) |
| Cancera,d |
68 (11.5) | 62 (22.7) | 171,143 (35.3) |
| Elixhauser Comorbidity Indexa, d (mean, SD) | −5.4 (5.6) | 2.00 (8.3) | 4.7 (8.5) |
*
56-63 days prior to stay
MME= morphine milligram equivalents, SMI=Serious Mental Illness, PTSD= Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, SUD= Substance Use Disorder
a
p<.0001 across opioid-related hospitalizations
b
p<.01 across opioid-related hospitalizations
c
p<.05 across opioid-related hospitalizations
d
p<.0001 opioid vs non-opioid-related hospitalizations
e
p<.01 opioid vs non-opioid-related hospitalizations
f
p<.05 opioid vs non-opioid-related hospitalizations