Table 4.
Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Model Predicting Overall Survival:
| Univariable | Multivariable | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | HR (95% CI) | p-value | HR (95% CI) | p-value |
| Age | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.204 | - | - |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | [ref] | - | - | |
| Female | 0.81 (0.54–1.18) | 0.277 | - | - |
| Race | ||||
| White | [ref] | - | - | |
| Black | 1.13 (0.64–1.86) | 0.656 | - | - |
| Other | 1.25 (0.21–3.97) | 0.759 | - | - |
| Hispanic Ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic | [ref] | - | - | |
| Hispanic | 1.31 (0.51–2.74) | 0.538 | - | - |
| Unknown | 1.04 (0.17–3.29) | 0.953 | - | - |
| Insurance Status | ||||
| Private Insurance | [ref] | - | - | |
| Medicare | 1.22 (0.82–1.82) | 0.325 | - | - |
| Medicaid | 0.89 (0.43–1.84) | 0.754 | - | - |
| Other Government | 0.83 (0.11–6.06) | 0.852 | - | - |
| Uninsured | 0.59 (0.08–4.27) | 0.566 | - | - |
| ZIP-Code Level Income ($) | ||||
| < 38,000 | [ref] | - | - | |
| 38,000–47,999 | 0.88 (0.48–1.62) | 0.690 | - | - |
| 48,000–62,999 | 1.05 (0.59–1.88) | 0.867 | - | - |
| ≥ 63,000 | 1.10 (0.61–1.99) | 0.745 | - | - |
| Unknown | 2.12 (0.49–9.17) | 0.363 | - | - |
| CDCC | ||||
| 0 | [ref] | - | - | |
| 1 | 1.01 (0.58–1.65) | 0.984 | - | - |
| 2 | 1.40 (0.65–2.64) | 0.360 | - | - |
| ≥ 3 | 2.33 (0.71–5.60) | 0.144 | - | - |
| Facility Type | ||||
| Academic/Research | [ref] | - | - | |
| Comprehensive Community | 0.75 (0.48–1.17) | 0.197 | - | - |
| Community | 1.55 (0.62–3.83) | 0.377 | - | - |
| Integrated Network | 0.61 (0.27–1.41) | 0.220 | - | - |
| Unknown | 0.27 (0.04–1.93) | 0.098 | - | - |
| Transition Between Facilities for Treatment | ||||
| No | [ref] | - | - | |
| Yes | 0.88 (0.61–1.28) | 0.509 | - | - |
| Cancer Primary Site | ||||
| Sinuses | [ref] | - | - | |
| Nasal Cavity | 0.82 (0.56–1.19) | 0.283 | - | - |
| Clinical T Classification | ||||
| 1 | [ref] | [ref] | ||
| 2 | 1.02 (0.48–2.13) | 0.948 | 1.04 (0.49–2.16) | 0.926 |
| 3 | 1.39 (0.72–2.72) | 0.323 | 1.33 (0.69–2.61) | 0.394 |
| 4 | 2.09 (1.24–3.75) | 0.005* | 2.02 (1.20–3.63) | 0.008* |
| Clinical N Classification | ||||
| 0 | [ref] | - | - | |
| 1 | 1.26 (0.44–2.79) | 0.626 | - | - |
| 2 | 1.39 (0.65–2.60) | 0.369 | - | - |
| Surgical Approach | ||||
| Open | [ref] | [ref] | ||
| Endoscopic | 1.33 (0.92–1.94) | 0.133 | 1.41 (0.96–2.08) | 0.079 |
| Time from Diagnosis to Surgery (days) | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.575 | - | - |
| Time from Surgery to Discharge (days) | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) | 0.907 | - | - |
| Time from Surgery to RT (days) | 1.01 (1.00–1.02) | <0.001* | - | - |
| Q4 (≥63 days) | [ref] | [ref] | ||
| Q3 (49–62 days) | 0.51 (0.30–0.85) | 0.010* | 0.57 (0.33–0.95) | 0.032* |
| Q2 (37–48 days) | 0.53 (0.32–0.86) | 0.010* | 0.51 (0.31–0.84) | 0.007* |
| Q1 (<37 days) | 0.49 (0.29–0.81) | 0.006* | 0.50 (0.29–0.83) | 0.008* |
| Margins | ||||
| Negative | [ref] | - | - | |
| Positive | 1.50 (0.98–2.28) | 0.059 | - | - |
| Unknown | 1.15 (0.69–1.86) | 0.579 | - | - |
| 30-Day Unplanned Readmission | ||||
| No | [ref] | - | - | |
| Yes | 0.69 (0.17–1.84) | 0.504 | - | - |
β, Beta Coefficient; ZIP, Zone Improvement Plan; CDCC, Charlson/Deyo Comorbidity Condition
*
Statistically significant: p≤0.05.