Table 2.
Comparative analysis of running kinematics during the first runs (unfatigued condition) of the 2 running protocols performed at different running velocities (mean ± SD).
| Variable | 10 × 400 m | 40 × 100 m | %Δ | p | 95%CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Running velocity (km/h) | 18.40 ± 1.48 | 20.84 ± 1.49 | ↑13.26 | <0.001 | −3.20 to −1.68 |
| Spatial-temporal parameters | |||||
| Contact time (s) | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.17 ± 0.02 | ↓13.02 | <0.001 | 0.02 to 0.04 |
| Flight time (s) | 0.15 ± 0.02 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | ↓8.85 | 0.010 | 0.00 to 0.02 |
| Step length (m) | 1.55 ± 0.15 | 1.61 ± 0.17 | ↑3.87 | 0.001 | −0.99 to −0.03 |
| Joint angles (°) | |||||
| Initial contact | |||||
| θhip | 150.51 ± 6.00 | 146.41 ± 4.51 | ↓2.73 | 0.031 | 0.52 to 9.32 |
| θknee | 160.83 ± 6.04 | 163.04 ± 5.12 | ↑2.37 | 0.487 | −4.31 to 2.16 |
| θankle | 117.49 ± 6.25 | 126.18 ± 8.19 | ↑7.40 | 0.001 | −11.94 to −3.91 |
| Midstance | |||||
| θhip | 155.75 ± 4.53 | 155.44 ± 4.98 | ↓0.99 | 0.597 | −3.06 to 5.13 |
| θknee | 140.78 ± 5.58 | 146.27 ± 5.49 | ↑3.90 | <0.001 | −8.83 to −4.11 |
| θankle | 101.77 ± 5.11 | 110.67 ± 6.74 | ↑8.75 | <0.001 | −14.24 to −7.40 |
| Toe-off | |||||
| θhip | 161.20 ± 6.67 | 193.13 ± 10.12 | ↑19.81 | <0.001 | −41.22 to −25.62 |
| θknee | 163.73 ± 6.22 | 161.88 ± 5.20 | ↓1.13 | 0.810 | −3.99 to 3.18 |
| θankle | 136.49 ± 6.39 | 139.18 ± 5.96 | ↑1.98 | 0.279 | −5.68 to 1.81 |
Note: %Δ indicates percentage of change between both values; ↓↑ indicates the direction of change when running velocity increases.
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; θ = joint angle.