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. 2019 Sep 12;10(9):678. doi: 10.1038/s41419-019-1909-2

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a The flow diagram of experimental design of human part which is to demonstrate the increased NETs, the activation of mDCs, and the enhanced Th1/Th17 cell responses in COPD patients; NETs promote mDCs activation and Th1/Th17 differentiation; Erythromycin inhibits NETs in human vitro. PMN polymorphonuclear neutrophil, NETs neutrophil extracellular traps, NE neutrophil elastase, MPO myeloperoxidase, CITH3 citrullinated histone H3, mDCs myeloid dendritic cells, Th1 Helper T lymphocytes 1, Th17 Helper T lymphocytes 17. b The flow diagram of experimental design of animal part which is to demonstrate that erythromycin inhibits NETs and attenuates the activation of mDCs and Th1/Th17 cell responses in a murine model of emphysema in vivo. BALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, CITH3, citrullinated histone H3