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Oxygen dependent regulation of HIF-α. (A) In the presence of oxygen, the PHD's and FIH are active and hydroxylate HIF-α, constituting a recognition signal for the von Hipple Lindau (VHL), and subsequent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. (B) The absence of oxygen causes suppressed enzyme activity resulting in HIF-α stabilization, allowing it to form a heterodimer with HIF-β. This heterodimer will subsequently interact with various co-factors to initiate transcription.
