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. 2019 Sep 6;6:125. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00125

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Copyright © 2019 Borrelli, Gentile, Sciarrone, Mirizzi, Vergaro, Ghionzoli, Bramanti, Iudice, Passino, Emdin and Giannoni.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Prevalence of normal breathing (NB), central apneas (CA) and obstructive apneas (OA) during daytime, nighttime and 24-h, across the whole heart failure (HF) spectrum. (A) Prevalence of NB, CA and OA in the general population of HF patients during daytime, nighttime and 24-h. (B) Prevalence of NB, CA and OA in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) during daytime, nighttime and 24-h. (C) Prevalence of NB, CA, and OA in HF with mid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF) during daytime, nighttime and 24-h. (D) Prevalence of NB, CA and OA in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) during daytime, nighttime and 24-h.