Table 2.
Reported Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women With Syphilis (All Stages), 2012–2016
| Reported Risk Factor* | 2012 (n=1,561) | 2013 (n=1,633) | 2014 (n=1,955) | 2015 (n=2,226) | 2016 (n=2,508) | 2012–2016*† (n=9,883) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prior STDठ| 452/1,135 (39.8) | 512/1,196 (42.8) | 581/1,410 (41.2) | 673/1,544 (43.6) | 831/1,740 (47.8) | 3,049/7,025 (43.4) |
| More than 1 sex partner | 387/1,258 (30.8) | 421/1,301 (32.4) | 457/1,570 (29.1) | 495/1,784 (27.8) | 656/2,063 (31.8) | 2,416/7,976 (30.3) |
| Sex while intoxicated | 177/1,165 (15.2) | 178/1,200 (14.8) | 212/1,455 (14.6) | 272/1,629 (16.7) | 301/1,873 (16.1) | 1,140/7,322 (15.6) |
| Anonymous sex partner | 98/1,152 (8.5) | 94/1,187 (7.9) | 117/1,466 (8.0) | 157/1,622 (9.7) | 177/1,873 (9.5) | 643/7,300 (8.7) |
| Incarceration | 87/1,157 (7.5) | 86/1,198 (7.2) | 104/1,463 (7.1) | 114/1,627 (7.0) | 171/1,865 (9.2) | 562/7,310 (7.7) |
| Sex for drugs or money | 49/1,173 (4.2) | 48/1,213 (4.0) | 52/1,460 (3.6) | 62/1,651 (3.8) | 61/1,907 (3.2) | 272/7,404 (3.7) |
| Sex with persons known to inject drugs§ | 21/1,122 (1.9) | 32/1,149 (2.8) | 35/1,394 (2.5) | 65/1,575 (4.1) | 79/1,771 (4.5) | 232/7,011 (3.3) |
| HIV-positive‡ | 13/1,071 (1.2) | 18/1,080 (1.7) | 13/1,330 (1.0) | 26/1,420 (1.8) | 31/1,877 (1.7) | 101/6,788 (1.5) |
| Sex with MSM∥ | 11/1,106 (1.0) | 11/1,121 (1.0) | 11/1,344 (0.8) | 19/1,539 (1.2) | 35/1,727 (2.0) | 87/6,837 (1.3) |
| Methamphetamine use∥ | 24/1,081 (2.2) | 22/1,147 (1.9) | 47/1,411 (3.3) | 94/1,523 (6.2) | 129/1,827 (7.1) | 316/6,986 (4.5) |
| Cocaine use | 30/1,083 (2.8) | 22/1,147 (1.9) | 41/1,409 (2.9) | 37/1,524 (2.4) | 43/1,812 (2.4) | 173/6,975 (2.5) |
| Crack use | 25/1,083 (2.3) | 14/1,146 (1.2) | 21/1,408 (1.5) | 18/1,522 (1.2) | 25/1,809 (1.4) | 103/6,968 (1.5) |
| Heroin use | 17/1,082 (1.6) | 18/1,146 (1.6) | 18/1,407 (1.3) | 30/1,524 (2.0) | 26/1,816 (1.4) | 109/6,975 (1.6) |
| Injection drug use | 24/1,136 (2.1) | 29/1,155 (2.5) | 27/1,434 (1.9) | 51/1,567 (3.3) | 50/1,733 (2.9) | 181/7,025 (2.6) |
| Nitrates or poppers use | 2/1,066 (0.2) | 1/1,144 (0.1) | 4/1,406 (0.3) | 6/1,519 (0.4) | 7/1,772 (0.4) | 20/6,907 (0.3) |
| Other drug use | 115/1,080 (10.7) | 138/1,146 (12.0) | 198/1,407 (14.1) | 198/1,531 (12.9) | 226/1,826 (12.4) | 875/6,990 (12.5) |
| Any risk factor§∥ | 747/1,561 (47.9) | 828/1,633 (50.7) | 987/1,955 (50.5) | 1,095/2,226 (49.2) | 1,340/2,508 (53.4) | 4,997/9,883 (50.6) |
STD, sexually transmitted disease; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; MSM, men who have sex with men.
Data are n/N (%).
Timing of risk factors referred to the last 12 months before diagnosis of syphilis except: prior STD (lifetime risk); HIV-positive (documented or self-reported at the time of syphilis diagnosis).
Values are a sum of data from 2012 to 2016. Denominators vary because number missing or unknown (excluded) varies by risk factor.
Timing of risk factors referred to the last 12 months before diagnosis of syphilis except: prior STD (lifetime risk); HIV-positive (documented or self-reported at the time of syphilis diagnosis).
Change in proportion was statistically significant (P<.05).
Combines all risk factors.