(A) Representative images for histology and immunofluorescence staining with collagen and elastin markers. Masson’s trichrome, Verhoeff-van Gieson, Alizarin red staining show collagen (blue), elastin (black), but no calcium (red) deposition, respectively. L, lumen. Scale bars, 100 μm. (B) Quantification of total collagen using Sircol Insoluble Collagen assay. (C) Quantification of elastin using Fastin assay. Data in (B) and (C) are means ± SD (n = 4). * represents P < 0.05.