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. 2019 Sep 12;8:F1000 Faculty Rev-1629. [Version 1] doi: 10.12688/f1000research.18039.1

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Copyright: © 2019 Iwasaki M et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The author(s) is/are employees of the US Government and therefore domestic copyright protection in USA does not apply to this work. The work may be protected under the copyright laws of other jurisdictions when used in those jurisdictions.

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Figure 1. — PHI, peptide histidine isoleucine; PHM, peptide histidine methionine; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide; VIP–GKR, VIP precursor containing the internal cleave-amidation site Gly–Lys–Arg.