Table 2.
Demographics and characteristics of people with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls (HCs) at baseline.
| Parameter | People with multiple sclerosis (n=76) | HCs (n=25) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 39.5 (7.9) | 34.9 (9.3) | |
| Female, n (%) | 53 (70) | 7 (28) | |
| Multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis | 3 (4) | —a |
|
|
Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis | 4 (5) | — |
|
|
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis | 69 (91) | — |
| Time since MS symptom onset (years), mean (SD) | 11.3 (7.0)b | — | |
| Proportion of people with multiple sclerosis with ≥1 relapse in the past year, n (%) | 18 (24) | — | |
| Expanded Disability Status Scale, mean (SD) | 2.4 (1.4) | — | |
| Proportion of people with multiple sclerosis with ≥1 T1 Gdc-enhancing lesion, n (%) | 2 (3)d | — | |
| Total FLAIRe lesion volume (mL), mean (SD) | 6.3 (7.5)f | — | |
| 9-Hole Peg Test (seconds), mean (SD) |
|
|
|
|
|
Dominant hand | 22.1 (4.6)g | 18.9 (2.1) |
|
|
Nondominant hand | 22.8 (4.9)h | 19.5 (2.0) |
| Timed 25-Foot Walk (seconds), mean (SD) | 6.0 (2.1)b | 5.0 (1.0) | |
| Symbol Digit Modalities Test (correct responses), mean (SD) | 53.8 (11.8)b | 63.8 (10.0) | |
| Berg Balance Scale, mean (SD) | 52.5 (5.7)i | 56.0 (0)j | |
| Patient Determined Disease Steps, mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.6) | — | |
| Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (total score), mean (SD) | 59.1 (22.7)g | 25.5 (6.0) | |
| Patient Health Questionnaire–9, mean (SD) | 8.3 (6.1)k | 2.4 (2.9)l | |
| Participants with any previous medications, n (%) | 46 (61) | 6 (24) | |
| Previous disease-modifying treatmentm, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
Daclizumab (Zinbryta) | 0 (0) | — |
|
|
Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) | 12 (16) | — |
|
|
Glatiramer acetate (Glatopa) | 1 (1) | — |
|
|
IFNn β-1a IMo (Avonex) | 4 (5) | — |
|
|
IFN β-1a SCp (Rebif) | 5 (7) | — |
|
|
IFN β-1b SC (Betaseron/Betaferon) | 6 (8) | — |
|
|
IFN β-1b SC (Extavia) | 1 (1) | — |
|
|
Pegylated IFN β-1a (Plegridy) | 2 (3) | — |
|
|
Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) | 9 (12) | — |
|
|
Fingolimod (Gilenya) | 9 (12) | — |
|
|
Teriflunomide (Aubagio) | 3 (4) | — |
|
|
Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada) | 2 (3) | — |
|
|
Mitoxantrone (Novantrone) | 1 (1) | — |
|
|
Natalizumab (Tysabri) | 19 (25) | — |
|
|
Otherq | 5 (7) | — |
aNot applicable.
bn=75.
cGd: gadolinium.
dn=68.
eFLAIR: fluid-attenuated inversion recovery.
fn=70.
gn=73.
hn=74.
in=71.
jn=22.
kn=60.
ln=20.
mTotal baseline disease-modifying treatment history.
nIFN: interferon.
oIM: intramuscular.
pSC: subcutaneous.
qHidroferol; Radiance study (RPC1063 versus IFN β-1a); Rituximab (Rituxan).