Table 1.

Immune escape mechanisms.

Tumor	Microenvironment	Periphery
HLA I ↓	Suppressive cytokines ↑	CTL frequency and function ↓
HLA-G/-E ↑	Suppressive metabolites ↑	NK cells, frequency, and function ↓
IFN signaling ↓	pH ↓	DCs, frequency and function ↓
Oncogenic signaling ↑	Hypoxia ↑	TAN, TAM ↑
iCP ↑	Microbiome	Treg, frequency ↑
Metabolism ↑		MDSC, frequency ↑

↑ upregulation, ↓ downregulation.