Appendix.

ICD9-CM codes (Only the first 15 codes were used to identify health conditions even though 25 fields were used after 2009).

Outcome	ICD9-CM codes
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection	070.41, 070.44, 070.51, 070.54, 070.70, 070.71
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection	070.20, 070.21, 070.22, 070.23, 070.30, 070.31, 070.32, 070.33
HIV infection	CCS: 5
Obesity	278.0, 278.01, V85.3, V85.4
Hypertension	CCS: 98,99
Diabetes (with or without complications)	CCS: 49, 50
Disorder of lipid metabolism	CCS: 53
Tobacco use/Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	3051, V1582, CSS: 127
Alcohol abuse	CCS: 660
Substance abuse except alcohol	CCS: 661
Mental disorders except alcohol abuse	CCS: 651, 653, 656, 657, 658, 659, 663
Renal failure/Chronic kidney disease	CCS: 157, 158
Influenza	CCS: 123
Pneumonia	CCS: 122
Cancer except liver cancer	CCS: 11–15, 17–43
Connective tissue disease	CCS: 202, 210, 211
Osteoarthritis	CCS: 203, 204, 205
Cryoglobulinaemia	2732
Vasculitis	4476
Proteinuria	7910
Nephrotic syndrome or membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis	5810, 5811, 5812, 5813, 58181, 58189, 5819, V1303
Porphyria cutanea tarda	2771
Ischaemic heart disease	CCS: 100, 101