Fig. 5.

Several growth factors and chemokines are elevated in CAPS patients. a Multiplex cytokine array analysis. Multiplex cytokine array analysis was performed with sera of CAPS patients before (n = 22) and 4 weeks after (n = 21) the initiation of anti-IL-1 therapy with canakinumab and of healthy controls (n = 5) using the Bio-Plex protein multi-array system. The color plot represents x-fold change compared to the median value of the healthy controls (color scale bar on the right). b Growth factors are elevated in CAPS patients. Multiplex cytokine array analysis (see a) revealed the well-established MDSC-inducing factors GM-CSF, VEGF, and FGF to be elevated in CAPS patients before and after the initiation of anti-IL-1 therapy. Data sets are represented as means ± SEM, and differences were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test for unpaired or the Wilcoxon test for paired data sets. c Chemokines are elevated in CAPS patients. Multiplex cytokine array analysis (see a) revealed the chemokines MCP-1 and MIP- 1α to be elevated in CAPS patients before and after the initiation of anti-IL-1 therapy. IL-8 was significantly increased only before the initiation of anti-IL-1 therapy. Data sets are represented as means ± SEM, and differences were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test for unpaired or the Wilcoxon test for paired data sets. * p < 0.05.