Table 2.
Standardized hazard ratios of all-cause mortality, MAHFER Study 2017.
| Variable | Unadjusted standardized hazard ratios (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted standardized hazard ratios (95% CI) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, each year increase | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.076 | 0.99 (0.99, 0.99) | 0.001 |
| Men | 1.16 (0.76, 1.76) | 0.494 | 0.35 (0.06, 2.03) | 0.245 |
| Women | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Asset index | ||||
| Poorest | 0.74 (0.36, 1.50) | 0.403 | 0.14 (0.04, 0.55) | 0.005 |
| Poorer | 1.31 (0.67, 2.57) | 0.423 | 0.08 (0.03, 0.23) | 0.0001 |
| Average | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Rich | 0.97 (0.48, 1.93) | 0.921 | 0.71 (0.11, 4.78) | 0.730 |
| Richest | 1.03 (0.51, 2.07) | 0.939 | 0.12 (0.02, 0.60) | 0.010 |
| History of smoking | ||||
| Never smoker | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Former smoker | 0.92 (0.50, 1.69) | 0.782 | 0.99 (0.52, 1.90) | 0.999 |
| Current smoker | 1.87 (0.93, 3.76) | 0.080 | 7.23 (1.40, 37.26) | 0.018 |
| HIV infection | 1.09 (0.67, 1.76) | 0.738 | 1.16 (0.29, 4.55) | 0.831 |
| History of hypertension | 0.74 (0.49, 1.11) | 0.146 | 0.79 (0.38, 1.67) | 0.540 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 0.83 (0.37, 1.83) | 0.640 | 0.94 (0.35, 2.54) | 0.901 |
| Functional status | ||||
| NYHA¥ class III | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| NYHA class IV | 2.11 (1.38, 3.23) | 0.001 | 2.52 (1.24, 5.12) | 0.011 |
| Six minute walk, (per meter) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.924 | 0.99 (0.99, 1.00) | 0.697 |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) | ||||
| Reduced LVEF (≤40%) | 1.04 (0.63, 1.72) | 0.885 | 1.10 (0.48, 2.51) | 0.813 |
| Midrange LVEF (41 to 49%) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Preserved LVEF (≥50%) | 0.75 (0.39, 1.44) | 0.385 | 0.66 (0.28, 1.57) | 0.347 |
| Estimated GFR£ stage | ||||
| GFR stage 1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| GFR stage 2 | 0.97 (0.53, 1.80) | 0.929 | 1.34 (0.41, 4.39) | 0.626 |
| GFR stage 3 | 1.86 (1.00, 3.47) | 0.051 | 2.79 (1.42, 5.47) | 0.003 |
| GFR stage 4 | 2.83 (1.01, 7.90) | 0.048 | 3.54 (1.04, 1.21) | 0.000 |
| GFR stage 5 | 2.53 (1.49, 4.29) | 0.001 | 3.12 (1.14, 8.55) | 0.027 |
| Timing ofindex admission | ||||
| Week day admission (Monday-Thursday) | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Weekend admission (Friday-Sunday) | 0.89 (0.47, 1.71) | 0.734 | 0.17 (0.05, 0.49) | 0.001 |
| Baseline blood tests (each unit increase) | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.02) | 0.604 | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.018 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 1.29 (1.10, 1.51) | 0.002 | 2.66 (1.74, 4.06) | 0.0001 |
| BUN€ (mg/dL) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.006 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 0.368 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.212 | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.071 |
| BNP∞ (pg/mL) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.006 | 1.00 (1.00, 1.00) | 0.044 |
| Troponin I (ng/mL) | 1.60 (1.31, 1.94) | 0.0001 | 6.71 (1.25, 35.98) | 0.132 |
| Creatine-kinase (MB isomer) (ng/mL) | 1.05 (1.04, 1.06) | 0.0001 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) | 0.013 |
| Medications prior to admission | ||||
| ACEI or ARB^ | 1.00 (0.58, 1.70) | 0.988 | 0.38 (0.13, 1.08) | 0.069 |
| Beta-blocker | 1.01 (0.57, 1.78) | 0.985 | 0.23 (0.10, 0.56) | 0.001 |
| Frusemide | 0.95 (0.55, 1.63) | 0.841 | 3.45 (0.73, 16.26) | 0.117 |
| HMG$ CoA inhibitors | 0.52 (0.06, 4.21) | 0.541 | 1.72 (0.76, 3.85) | 0.190 |
| Digoxin | 0.84 (0.42, 1.67) | 0.623 | 1.03 (0.32, 3.29) | 0.954 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 0.65 (0.35, 1.18) | 0.159 | 0.54 (0.25, 1.16) | 0.113 |
| Self-reported medication adherence | ||||
| Good adherence | Ref | Ref | Ref | |
| Poor adherence | 0.84 (0.41, 1.73) | 0.645 | 0.83 (0.25, 2.74) | 0.758 |
NYHA¥: New York Heart Association; GFR£: estimated glomerular filtration rate; BUN€: blood urea nitrogen; BNP∞: brain natriuretic peptide; ACEI/ARB^: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker.