TABLE 1.
Nutrition-related NMAs identified in PubMed1
| First author (reference) | Year | Journal | Studies included, n | Number and disease status of included participants | Number and type of included interventions/placebo/control (usual care) | Number and type of included outcomes | A priori protocol | NMA statistical approach |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Schwingshackl (30) | 2018 | Am J Clin Nutr | 66 | 3595 participants | 10 food groups | 10 LDL-C, TG, TC, HDL-C, FG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, SBP, DBP, CRP | Y | Frequentist |
| Pan (31) | 2018 | J Evid Based Med | 10 | 921 patients with T2D | 5 dietary approaches | 9 HbA1c, FG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, BW, BMI, WC | Y | Frequentist |
| Schwingshackl (32) | 2018 | J Lipid Res | 54 | 2065 participants | 13 oils | 4 TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG | Y | Frequentist |
| Liang (33) | 2018 | Medicine | 17 | 1931 patients with AD or MCI | 5 exercise, music therapy, nutrition therapy, computerized cognitive training, control | 2 MMSE, NPI | N | Bayesian |
| Schwingshackl (34) | 2018 | Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr | 67 | 17,230 patients with pre- and hypertension | 13 dietary approaches, control | 2 SBP, DBP | Y | Frequentist |
| Zou (35) | 2018 | Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol | 19 | 846 patients with NAFLD | 6 diet, exercise, control | 4 ALT, AST, BMI, HOMA-IR | U | Frequentist |
| Schwingshackl (36) | 2018 | Eur J Epidemiol | 56 | 4937 patients with T2D | 9 dietary approaches, control | 2 HbA1c, FG | Y | Frequentist |
| Gutiérrez-Castrellón (37) | 2017 | Medicine | 32 | 2242 children with Infantile colic | 9 drug, diet, acupuncture, herbal, massage, reassurance/education, manipulative, L. retueri DSM17938, control | 1 infantile colic | U | Frequentist |
| Muñoz Fernández (38) | 2017 | J Am Med Dir Assoc | 21 | 2329 patients with AD | 7 single antioxidants, complex antioxidants, polymeric formula, polypeptide, ω-3 fatty acid, B-vitamins, placebo | 1 cognitive outcome | N | Bayesian |
| Ha (39) | 2017 | PLoS One | 21 | 1865 pregnant women | 7 dietary approaches | 4 HbA1c, FG, HOMA-IR, FI | Y | Bayesian |
| Yu (40) | 2017 | Medicine | 27 | 4649 preterm infants | 6 food additives, placebo | 5 ACM, NEC-incidence, NEC- related mortality, sepsis, hospitalization days | N | Bayesian |
| Song (41) | 2017 | Oncotarget | 11 | 840 patients with gastric cancer | 5 immunonutrition | 3 IC, NIC, LOHS | N | Frequentist |
| Sekercioglu (52) | 2017 | PLoS One | 29 | 8335 patients with chronic kidney disease | 8 diet, phosphate binder, placebo | 3 serum phosphate, calcium, PTH | Y | Frequentist |
| Iftikhar (42) | 2017 | Sleep Med | 80 | 7882 patients with obstructive sleep apnea | 5 continuous positive airway pressure, mandibular advancement devices, diet, exercise, control | 5 AHI, ESS, ODI, sleep efficiency, O2 nadir | Y | Frequentist |
| Sekercioglu (43) | 2016 | PLoS One | 28 | 8335 patients with chronic kidney disease | 7 diet, phosphate binder, placebo | 3 ACM, CVM, hospitalization | Y | Frequentist |
| Lehert (44) | 2015 | Climacteric | 24 | NA | 11 dietary approaches, dietary supplements, social engagement, exercise | 3 memory, general intelligence, screening cognition | N | Frequentist |
| Song (45) | 2015 | Medicine | 27 | NA patients with gastric cancer | 4 immunonutrition, enteral nutrition | 3 PIC, PNIC, PH | N | Frequentist |
| Stevens (46) | 2015 | Diabetes Res Clin Pract | 30 | NA patients with high risk of T2D | 20 drugs, diet, exercise, usual care | 1 progression of T2D | N | Bayesian |
| Mazaki (47) | 2015 | Ann Surg | 74 | 7572 patients with gastrointestinal surgery | 4 immunonutrition, enteral nutrition | 9 AI, OC, ACM, WI, Pneumonia, IAA, AL, sepsis, UTI | N | Bayesian |
| Schwingshackl (48) | 2014 | Syst Rev | 22 | 3521 patients with overweight or obesity | 3 diet, exercise | 11 BW, WC, FM, WHR, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, DBP, SBP, VO2 max | Y | Bayesian |
| Carter (49) | 2014 | J Hum Nutr Diet | 8 | NA patients with diabetes and non-diabetes | 7 dietary approaches, usual care | 3 HbA1c, FG, HOMA-IR | U | Bayesian |
| Dunkley (50) | 2012 | Diabetes Obes Metab | 13 | 3907 patients with metabolic syndrome | 12 exercise, diet, drug, usual care | 2 T2D incidence, CVD, MS reversal | N | Bayesian |
| Wiebe (51) | 2011 | BMC Med | 53 | 1126 patients with diabetes and non-diabetes | 6 sweeteners | 9 BW, EI, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, TC, HDL-C, TG | N | Bayesian |
1ACM, all-cause mortality; AD, Alzheimer's disease; AHI, apnea hypopnea index; AI, any infection; AL, anastomotic leak; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BW, body weight; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CVM, cardiovascular mortality; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; EI, energy intake; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scores; FI, fasting insulin; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FG, fasting glucose; FM, fat mass, IAA, intra-abdominal abscess; IC, infectious complications; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LOHS, length of hospital stay; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; MS, metabolic syndrome; N, no; NA, not applicable; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients; NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis; NIC, noninfectious complications; NMA, network meta-analysis; NPI, neuropsychiatric inventory; OC, overall complications; ODI, oxygen desaturation index; PH, postoperative hospitalization; PIC, postoperative infectious complications; PNIC, postoperative noninfectious complications; PTH, parathyroid hormone; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T2D, type 2 diabetes; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triacylglycerols; U, unclear; UTI, urinary tract infection; VO2max, maximum oxygen uptake; WC, waist circumference; WHR, waist-to-hip ratio; WI, wound infection; Y, yes.