TABLE 1.
Summary of reviewed phthalate parent compounds/metabolites, bisphenols, and their proposed sources1
| Compound categorization | Parent compound (name; abbreviation) | Metabolite (name; abbreviation) | Exposure sources |
|---|---|---|---|
| High-molecular-weight phthalate | Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; DEHP | Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; mEHP | • PVC plastics |
| Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate; mEHHP | • Food packaging and processing | ||
| Mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate; mEOHP | • Medical devices | ||
| Mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate; mECPP | • Pharmaceutical coatings | ||
| • Building materials | |||
| Di-isononyl phthalate; DiNP | Mono-isononyl phthalate; mNP/miNP | • PVC plastics | |
| Monooxononyl phthalate; mONP | • Food packaging | ||
| Monocarboxyoctyl phthalate; mCOP | • Building materials | ||
| • Car interiors | |||
| • Drinking straws | |||
| Di-isodecyl phthalate; DiDP | Monocarboxynonyl phthalate; mCNP | • PVC plastics | |
| • Food packaging | |||
| • Building materials | |||
| • Car interiors | |||
| • Swimming pools | |||
| Di-n-octyl phthalate; DOP/DnOP | Mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate; mCPP | • PVC plastics | |
| • Food packaging | |||
| • Building materials | |||
| • Adhesives | |||
| Benzylbutyl phthalate; BBzP | Monobenzyl phthalate; mBzP | • PVC plastics | |
| • Food packaging | |||
| • Car care products | |||
| • Some PCPs | |||
| Low-molecular-weight phthalate | Diethyl phthalate; DEP | Monoethyl phthalate; mEP | • Fragrant PCPs: perfumes/colognes, deodorants, soaps, shampoos, lotions |
| Di-n-butyl phthalate; DBP/DnBP | Mono-n-butyl phthalate; mBP/mnBP | • PCPs: nail polish, cosmetics | |
| Mono-hydroxybutyl phthalate; mHBP | • Printing inks | ||
| Di-iso-butyl phthalate; DiBP | Mono-isobutyl phthalate; miBP | • Pharmaceutical coatings | |
| Mono-hydroxyl-isobutyl phthalate; mHiBP | • Insecticides | ||
| Bisphenol | Bisphenol A; BPA | • Polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins | |
| Bisphenol S; BPS | • Food packaging: lining food cans, beverage containers | ||
| Bisphenol F; BPF | • Plastic dinnerware | ||
| • Dental sealants | |||
| • Thermal receipts |