. 2019 Aug 29;21(8):e12410. doi: 10.2196/12410

Table 2.

Change in outcome scores between the intervention (I) and control (C) groups among mothers at 1 month and 3 months postpartum based on the general linear model.

Outcome variable	1 month								3 months
	I, mean (SD), range	n^a	C, mean (SD), range	n^a	Unadjusted		Adjusted^b		I, mean (SD), range	n^a	C, mean (SD), range	n^a	Unadjusted		Adjusted^b
	I, mean (SD), range	n^a	C, mean (SD), range	n^a	I–C (95% CI)	P	I–C (95% CI)	P	I, mean (SD), range	n^a	C, mean (SD), range	n^a	I–C (95% CI)	P	I–C (95% CI)	P
Postpartum depression (EPDS^c)	11.4 (2.0), 7.5 to 15.3	56	12.4 (2.1), 8.4 to 16.5	58	−0.91 (−2.5 to 0.6)	.25	−1.02 (−2.7 to 0.6)	.23	9.8 (2.2), 5.5 to 14.3	54	12.0 (2.3), 7.5 to 16.5	57	−1.77 (−3.5 to 0.0)	.04^d	−2.11 (−4.0 to −0.3)	.03^d
Postpartum depression (PHQ^e)	4.6 (2.0), 0.6 to 8.7	56	6.2 (2.1), 2.1 to 10.4	58	−1.80 (−3.3 to −0.3)	.02^d	−1.59 (−3.3 to 0.1)	.06	5.5 (2.2), 1.0 to 10.0	54	7.0 (2.3), 2.4 to 11.6	57	−1.90 (−3.7 to −0.1)	.04^d	−1.49 (−3.4 to 0.4)	.11
Postpartum anxiety (STAI^f)	85.2 (9.9), 65.4 to 104.9	52	87.6 (9.9), 67.8 to 107.4	53	−3.63 (−10.7 to 3.5)	.31	−2.45 (−9.9 to 5.0)	.52	79.8 (11.3), 57.4 to 102.3	50	87.7 (11.3), 65.3 to 110.2	52	−8.61 (−17.2 to 0.0)	.05	−7.89 (−16.4 to 0.7)	.07
Loneliness (ULS^g)	41.6 (5.5), 30.7 to 52.4	54	44.0 (5.6), 32.8 to 55.2	57	−2.14 (−6.3 to 2.1)	.31	−2.45 (−7.0 to 2.1)	.29	39.5 (5.4), 28.7 to 50.3	53	42.9 (5.6), 31.8 to 54.1	56	−3.90 (−8.2 to 0.4)	.08	−3.43 (−8.0 to 1.1)	.14
Perceived social support (PSSP^h)	32.3 (2.6), 27.2 to 37.5	20	33.2 (2.6), 28.0 to 38.4	31	−2.11 (−5.2 to 1.0)	.18	−0.86 (−3.9 to 2.1)	.57	35.4 (4.4), 26.5 to 44.3	20	35.9 (4.3), 27.2 to 44.6	27	1.09 (−2.9 to 5.1)	.59	−0.53 (−4.7 to 3.6)	.78

^an values for adjusted analysis.

^bAdjusted estimates were obtained from general linear models after being adjusted for baseline, age, marital status, antenatal class attendance, baby’s gender, and confinement period.

^cEPDS: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale.

^dSignificant P value <.05.

^ePHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire.

^fSTAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.

^gULS: University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale.

^hPSSP: Perceived Social Support for Parenting.