HBZ does not replace Tax during the infection process. The HBZ-expressing clone F10 and the empty-vector clone C4 were transfected with pCMVHT1M-Tax9Q, pCRU5H-inLuc, and either pSG-Tax (light bars) or pSG5 (dark bars) and cocultured with CHO-LFA-1 cells for 1.5 to 2 h. Effector cells were then removed, and luciferase assays were performed on the CHO-LFA-1 cells 48 h later. The graph shows infection as a measure of relative luminescence units (RLUs) produced by the indicated effector cells, with data averaged from three replicates per treatment from a single experiment. The graph is representative of three independent experiments. Error bars show standard deviations. Significance was determined by a two-tailed Student's t test (***, P < 0.001). The Western blot shows Tax expression in the F10 Jurkat clone cotransfected with pCMVHT1M-Tax9Q, pCRU5H-inLuc, and pSG5 (lane pSG5) or pSG-Tax (lane pSG-Tax). (-), untransfected Jurkat cells.