Table 1.

Participant characteristics.

	Development Cohort 1	Cohort 1 NAFLD HHF ≥5.5%	Cohort 1 No NAFLD HFF < 5.5%	Validation Cohort 2
Number	87	45	42	21
Liver fat (%)	5.8 (2.9–9.3)	9.2 (7.3–12.1)a	2.9 (2.1–4.0)	5.6 (4.0–14.5)
Age (years)	15 (14–17)	15 (14– 17)	16 (15– 17)	16 (16–17)
Ethnicity (n (%))
White, non-Hispanic	38 (44%)	16 (36%)	22 (52%)	3 (14%)
White, Hispanic	37 (43%)	24 (53%)	13 (31%)	10 (48%)
Black	7 (8%)	2 (4%)	5 (12%)	3 (14%)
Asian	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (10%)
More than One	5 (6%)	3 (7%)	2 (5%)	3 (14%)
Treatment (n)
Untreated	83	42	41	19
Metformin	4	3	1	2
Menarche Age (years)	11 (11–12)	12 (11–13)	11 (11– 12)	12 (10–12)
Hirsutism (FGS)	6 (2–11)	7 (4–13)	5 (1–10)	7 (3–11)
Anthropometric measurements
BMI percentile	98.4 (96.8–99.1)	98.6 (97.0– 99.1)	98.4 (96.2– 99.1)	98.3 (97.6–99.0)
Waist circumference (cm)	105 ± 11	106 ± 11	102 ± 10	108± 14
Fasting laboratory measurements
Free testosterone (nmol/l)	0.26 (0.20– 0.38)	0.29 (0.22– 0.44)c	0.24 (0.18– 0.31)	0.32 (0.25– 0.43)
SHBG (nmol/l)	15.9 (12.2–23.2)	13.8 (12.0– 20.0)b	19.5 (13.3– 27.3)	18.8 (12.3–22.5)
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	3.9 ± 0.8	3.9 ± 0.8	3.9 ± 0.8	4.0 ± 0.9
HDL-C (mmol/l)	0.9 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.2
TG (mmol/l)	1.33 (0.9– 1.78)	1.46 (1.13– 2.06)b	1.11 (0.85– 1.46)	1.53 (1.19–1.85)
LDL-C (mmol/l)	2.3 (1.8–3.1)	2.1 (1.7– 3.1)	2.4 (1.9– 3.2)	2.1 (1.7–2.7)
ALT (U/L)	35 (28–42)	32 (24– 43)a	21 (15– 31)	35 (31–49)*
AST (U/L)	38 (33–45)	27 (20– 37)	22 (15– 32)	40 (32–52)
HbA1c (%)	5.3 (5.2–5.6)	5.4 (5.2– 5.6)c	5.2 (5.1– 5.4)	5.6 (5.4–5.8)*
HOMA-IR	5.7 (4.0–7.5)	6.7 (5.1– 8.5)a	4.7 (3.4– 6.0)	5.1 (3.6–9.5)
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	4.9 ± 0.4	5.0 ± 0.4	4.9 ± 0.4	4.7 ± 0.6*
Fasting insulin (pmol/l)	181 (125–236)	215 (167– 264)a	139 (111– 201)	222 (125–319)

^ap< 0.001

^bp<0.01

^cp<0.05 between the group with NAFLD and the group without NAFLD within cohort 1.

^*p < 0.05 between cohort 1 and cohort 2.