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. 2019 Sep 13;9:13269. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49516-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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mRNA expression profiles of IL-23 and Th17 cytokines in splenic lymphocytes. Splenic lymphocytes were collected from 2-week-old healthy ducks and stimulated with killed R. anatipestifer serotype 7 for the indicated times. Samples were then subjected to qRT-PCR. The mRNA expression levels of IL-23p19 (A), IL-12p40 (B), IL-17A (C), and IL-17F (D) were normalized to those of β-actin and calibrated using the expression levels of untreated cultured lymphocytes (NC). Data are shown as the mean ± SE from three independent experiments performed in triplicate. ***P < 0.001. RA, R. anatipestifer-stimulated lymphocytes.