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. 2019 Sep 13;9:13269. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-49516-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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mRNA expression profiles of IL-23 and Th17 cytokines in the spleen at early time points in R. anatipestifer-infected ducks. Two-week-old healthy ducks were infected intramuscularly with 5 × 10⁷ CFU of R. anatipestifer serotype 7. Five ducks were sacrificed at each time point, and then the spleens were aseptically collected 4, 8, and 12 h post-infection. The expression levels of IL-23p19 (A), IL-12p40 (B), IL-17A (C), and IL-17F (D) transcripts were quantified by qRT-PCR. Gene expression levels were normalized with β-actin and calibrated with the expression levels in uninfected ducks (NC). The results from one representative experiment of two independent experiments are shown. Data are shown as the mean ± SE (n = 5). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P<0.001. RA, splenocytes from R. anatipestifer-infected ducks.