Fig. 1.

Time course of metabolic changes. Time course of changes in adipose tissue insulin sensitivity given as Adipo-IR (fasting free fatty acids*fasting insulin) (CON n = 14, OB n = 47) (a), muscle insulin sensitivity (CON n = 7, OB n = 43) (b), muscle membrane DAG 18:1 18:1 (CON n = 4, OB n = 10) (c), muscle protein kinase C (PKC) θ activation (CON n = 4, OB n = 9) (d), muscle lipid droplet ceramide 18:0 (CON n = 4, OB n = 10) (e) and muscle pJNK/tJNK ratio (CON n = 4, OB n = 8) (f) in obese (empty circles) and in nonobese humans at baseline (black circles). Mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05 vs OB at baseline (0 w) using CPM for repeated measures analysis, #p < 0.05 vs CON using unpaired two-tailed t-test, CON nonobese humans, OB obese participants, BSA body surface area, LD lipid droplet, DAG diacylglycerol, pJNK phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase, tJNK total c-Jun N-terminal kinase