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. 2019 Sep 13;10:4169. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12054-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — PFC contains distinct excitatory and inhibitory neuron subtypes. a t-SNE plot showing that excitatory neurons of PFC can be broadly classified into 13 unique subtypes based on their transcriptome. b Violin plot showing expression of specific markers for each of the 13 excitatory neuron clusters or subtypes. c Multi-channel FISH detecting distinct excitatory neuron types within the same cortical layer (Pou3f1 and Tshz2 in L5) or across different layers (Foxp2 in L6). d Assigning excitatory neurons to respective cortical layers by projecting expression of layer-specific markers onto the t-SNE plot. e Identification of two distinct cell types (Pou3f1⁺ and Tshz2⁺) in L5 that commonly express L5 marker Etv1. f t-SNE plot showing classification of PFC inhibitory neurons into 12 distinct subtypes based on their transcriptome. g Violin plot showing distinct markers for each of the 12 different subtypes of inhibitory neurons. h Multi-channel FISH detecting subtypes within a known inhibitory neuron subpopulation (Cartpt⁺, arrow, and Cartpt⁻, arrowhead within Sst neurons: enlarged view of single cells in box area shown in side panel) and a rare neuron subtypes (Pbx3⁺: inset is an enlarged view of single cell)