Table 4.
Worldwide occurrence of Cryptosporidium species or genotypes in selected domestic and wild populations of ungulate species; where applicable, available data are summarized from different sources per country
| Host | Country | No. of isolates | No. of Cryptosporidium species/genotypes | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monoinfection (n) | Mixed infection (n) | ||||
| Alpaca | Peru | 3 | C. parvum (2); C. ubiquitum (1) | – | Gómez-Couso et al. [51] |
| Alpaca | UK | 9 | C. parvum (9) | – | Twomey et al. [52]; Wessels et al. [53] |
| Bison | Portugal | 1 | C. tyzzeri (1) | – | Alves et al. [54] |
| Boar | Czech Republic | 32 | C. suis (13); C. scrofarum (7) | C. suis + C. scrofarum (12) | Němejc et al. [55] |
| Buffalo | Egypt | 70 | C. parvum (41); C. ryanae (17); C. bovis (2) | C. parvum + C. ryanae (7); C. parvum + C. bovis (3) | Amer et al. [56]; Helmy et al. [57]; Mahfouz et al. [58]; Ibrahim et al. [59] |
| Buffalo | South Africa | 2 | C. ubiquitum (1); C. bovis (1) | – | Abu Samra et al. [60] |
| Buffalo | Australia | 72 | C. parvum (9); C. ryanae (58); C. scrofarum (1); C. bovis (4) | – | Abeywardena et al. [61]; Zahedi et al. [62] |
| Buffalo | Italy | 6 | C. parvum (6) | – | Caccio et al. [63] |
| Buffalo | Brazil | 63 | C. parvum (1); C. ryanae (60); unknown genotype (2) | – | Aquino et al. [64] |
| Camel | China | 3 | C. andersoni (3) | – | Wang et al. [65]; Liu et al. [66] |
| Cattle | Egypt | 238 | C. parvum (146); C. andersoni (7); C. ryanae (35); C. bovis (15) | C. parvum + C. ryanae (15); C. parvum + C. bovis (10); C. parvum + C. andersoni (3); C. ryanae + C. bovis (7) | Amer et al. [56]; Helmy et al. [57]; Mahfouz et al. [58]; Ibrahim et al. [59] |
| Cattle | Ethiopia | 71 | C. andersoni (54); C. ryanae (3); C. bovis (14) | – | Wegayehu et al. [67] |
| Cattle | Kenya | 27 | C. parvum (17); C. andersoni (3); C. ryanae (6); C. ubiquitum (1) | – | Szonyi et al. [68]; Kangʼethe et al. [69] |
| Cattle | Madagascar | 17 | C. suis (17) | – | Bodager et al. [70] |
| Cattle | Nigeria | 65 | C. andersoni (5); C. ryanae (13); C. bovis (32) | C. ryanae + C. bovis (11); C. bovis + C. andersoni (4) | Ayinmode et al. [71]; Maikai et al. [72] |
| Cattle | South Africa | 6 | C. parvum (1); C. andersoni (2); C. ubiquitum (3) | – | Abu Samra et al. [60]; Abu Samra [73] |
| Cattle | Tunisia | 7 | C. parvum (7) | – | Soltane et al. [74] |
| Cattle | Zambia | 45 | C. parvum (29); C. ubiquitum (1); C. bovis (15) | – | Geurden et al. [75] |
| Cattle | China | 299 | C. parvum (69); C. andersoni (100); C. ryanae (19); C. bovis (89) | C. parvum + C. bovis (6); C. parvum + C. ryanae (4); C. parvum + C. andersoni (3); C. bovis + C. ryanae (9) | Wang et al. [76, 77]; Huang et al. [78] |
| Cattle | India | 21 | C. parvum (6); C. andersoni (3); C. ryanae (3); C. bovis (8); C. occultus (1) | – | Khan et al. [79] |
| Cattle | Iran | 54 | C. parvum (50); C. andersoni (4) | – | Meamar et al. [80]; Fotouhi et al. [81]; Pirestani et al. [82] |
| Cattle | Israel | 61 | C. parvum (61) | Tanriverdi et al. [83] | |
| Cattle | Japan | 33 | C. parvum (32); C. bovis (1) | Karanis et al. [84] | |
| Cattle | Malaysia | 14 | C. parvum (11); C. ryanae (3) | Halim et al. [85] | |
| Cattle | Australia | 439 | C. parvum (297); C. andersoni (20); C. ryanae (30); C. bovis (72); C. hominis (3) | C. parvum + C. bovis (12); C. parvum + C. ryanae (4); C. bovis + C. ryanae (1) | Waldron et al. [86]; Nolan et al. [87]; Ferguson et al. [88]; Ng et al. [89]; McCarthy et al. [90]; O’Brien et al. [91]; Ralston et al. [92] |
| Cattle | New Zealand | 127 | C. parvum (85); C. bovis (42) | – | Learmonth et al. [93]; Grinberg et al. [94]; Al-Mawly et al. [95] |
| Cattle | Belgium | 114 | C. parvum (105); C. suis (1); C. bovis (8) | Geurden et al. [96] | |
| Cattle | Czech Republic | 2019 | C. parvum (699); C. andersoni (1315); C. bovis (5) | – | Kvac et al. [97]; Kvac et al. [98]; Ondrackova et al. [99] |
| Cattle | Denmark | 244 | C. parvum (100); C. andersoni (59); C. ryanae (11); C. bovis (57); C. occultus (3); unknown genotype (4) | C. parvum + C. andersoni (10) | Langkjaer et al. [100]; Enemark et al. [101] |
| Cattle | France | 91 | C. parvum (32); C. ryanae (14); C. ubiquitum (1); C. bovis (11) | C. parvum + C. ryanae (12); C. parvum + C. bovis (11); C. ryanae + C. bovis (8); C. parvum + C. ryanae + C. parvum (2) | Follet et al. [102] |
| Cattle | Hungary | 22 | C. parvum (21); C. ryanae (1) | – | Plutzer et al. [103] |
| Cattle | UK (Northern Ireland) | 224 | C. parvum (213); C. ryanae (3); C. bovis (8) | – | Thompson et al. [104] |
| Cattle | Italy | 101 | C. parvum (101) | – | Duranti et al. [105] |
| Cattle | Poland | 113 | C. parvum (36); C. andersoni (17); C. ryanae (8); C. bovis (52) | – | Rzeżutka & Kaupke [106] |
| Cattle | Portugal | 82 | C. parvum (82) | – | Mendonca et al. [107] |
| Cattle | Romania | 65 | C. parvum (65) | – | Imre et al. [108] |
| Cattle | Scotland | 411 | C. parvum (409); C. hominis (2) | – | Smith et al. [109] |
| Cattle | Serbia | 62 | C. parvum (62) | – | Misic & Abe [110] |
| Cattle | Spain | 267 | C. parvum (255); C. andersoni (1); C. bovis (4); C. felis (4); unknown genotype (3) | – | Mendonca et al. [107]; Quilez et al. [111]; Cardona et al. [112] |
| Cattle | Sweden | 359 | C. parvum (33); C. andersoni (4); C. ryanae (40); C. bovis (262); C. ubiquitum (1) | C. parvum + C. bovis (13); C. parvum + C. ryanae (6) | Silverlas et al. [113]; Silverlas et al. [114]; Silverlas et al. [115]; Bjorkman et al. [116] |
| Cattle | Switzerland | 81 | C. parvum (81) | – | Uhde et al. [117] |
| Cattle | Turkey | 15 | C. parvum (15) | – | Tanriverdi et al. [83] |
| Cattle | UK | 306 | C. parvum (240); C. andersoni (20); C. ryanae (1); C. bovis (31) | C. parvum + C. ryanae + C. bovis (1); C. ryanae + C. bovis (5); C. parvum + C. bovis (1); C. parvum + C. ryanae (1); C. andersoni + C. ryanae (6) | Thompson et al. [104]; Brook et al. [118]; Featherstone et al. [119]; Moriarty et al. [120]; Smith et al. [121] |
| Cattle | Canada | 134 | C. parvum (51); C. andersoni (38); C. ryanae (11); C. bovis (34) | – | Coklin et al. [122]; Coklin et al. [123]; Budu-Amoako et al. [124]; Budu-Amoako et al. [125] |
| Cattle | USA | 698 | C. parvum (240); C. andersoni (203); C. ryanae (83); C. bovis (171); C. suis (1) | Santín et al. [126]; Fayer et al. [127–129]; Szonyi et al. [130] | |
| Cattle | Brazil | 57 | C. parvum (15); C. andersoni (33); C. ryanae (4); C. bovis (5) | Meireles et al. [131]; Sevá et al. [132]; Silva et al. [133] | |
| Giraffe | Czech Republic | 1 | C. muris (1) | – | Kodádková et al. [134] |
| Goat | Tanzania | 5 | C. xiaoi (5) | – | Parsons et al. [135] |
| Goat | Zambia | 1 | C. parvum (1) | – | Goma et al. [136] |
| Goat | China | 44 | C. andersoni (16); C. ubiquitum (24); C. xiaoi (4) | – | Wang et al. [137] |
| Goat | Papua New Guinea | 10 | C. parvum (2); C. hominis (6); C. xiaoi (1); rat genotype II (1) | – | Koinari et al. [138] |
| Goat | Belgium | 11 | C. parvum (11) | Geurden et al. [139] | |
| Goat | France | 31 | C. parvum (1); C. ubiquitum (12); C. xiaoi (18) | – | Rieux et al. [140]; Paraud et al. [141] |
| Goat | Greece | 14 | C. parvum (2); C. ubiquitum (5); C. xiaoi (7) | – | Tzanidakis [142] |
| Goat | Spain | 68 | C. parvum (61); C. xiaoi (7) | – | Díaz et al. [143]; Díaz et al. [144] |
| Goat | UK | 1 | C. hominis (1) | – | Giles et al. [46] |
| Horse | Algeria | 4 | C. erinacei (4) | – | Laatamna et al. [145] |
| Horse | China | 2 | C. andersoni (2) | – | Liu et al. [146] |
| Horse | New Zealand | 9 | C. parvum (9) | – | Grinberg et al. [31] |
| Horse | Czech Republic | 12 | C. parvum (1); C. muris (9); C. ryanae (1); horse genotype (1) | – | Wagnerová et al. [33] |
| Horse | Italy | 35 | C. parvum (5); horse genotype (21) | Horse genotype + C. parvum (9) | Galuppi et al. [147] |
| Horse | UK | 3 | C. parvum (3) | – | Smith et al. [121]; Chalmers et al. [148] |
| Horse | USA | 29 | C. parvum (20); horse genotype (9) | – | Wagnerová et al. [][33]; Burton et al. [149] |
| Impala | South Africa | 2 | C. ubiquitum (2) | – | Abu Samra et al. [60] |
| Mouflon sheep | Czech Republic | 1 | C. muris (1) | – | Kotková et al. [150] |
| Pig | Madagascar | 4 | C. parvum (1); C. suis (3) | – | Bodager et al. [70] |
| Pig | Australia | 87 | C. scrofarum (48); C. suis (35); C, bovis (4) | – | McCarthy et al. [90]; [Morgan et al. [151]; Johnson et al. [152]; Ryan et al. [153] |
| Pig | Czech Republic | 1031 | C. parvum (2); C. muris (5); C. scrofarum (374); C. suis (621) | C. suis + C. scrofarum (29) | Vitovec et al. [154]; Kváč et al. [155, 156]; Němejc et al. [157] |
| Pig | Denmark | 239 | C. scrofarum (171); C. suis (68) | Langkjaer et al. [100]; Petersen et al. [158] | |
| Pig | Ireland | 28 | C. parvum (2); C. muris (1); C. scrofarum (11); C. suis (14) | – | Zintl et al. [32] |
| Pig | UK | 42 | C. parvum (11); C. scrofarum (25); C. suis (6) | – | Smith et al. [121]; Featherstone et al. [159] |
| Pig | Brazil | 2 | C. scrofarum (2) | – | Fiuza et al. [160] |
| Red deer | Czech Republic | 6 | C. muris (1); C. ubiquitum (5) | – | Kotková et al. [150] |
| Roe deer | Spain | 6 | C. ryanae (3); C. bovis (3) | – | García-Presedo et al. [161] |
| Sheep | Egypt | 3 | C. xiaoi (3) | – | Mahfouz et al. [58] |
| Sheep | Tanzania | 2 | C. xiaoi (2) | – | Parsons et al. [135] |
| Sheep | Tunisia | 3 | C. bovis (3) | – | Soltane et al. [74] |
| Sheep | Zambia | 6 | C. parvum (5); C. ubiquitum (1) | – | Goma et al. [136] |
| Sheep | China | 125 | C. andersoni (4); C. ubiquitum (78); C. xiaoi (43) | – | Wang et al. [162]; Li et al. [163] |
| Sheep | Australia | 1005 | C. parvum (78); C. andersoni (6); Sheep genotype I (7); C. scrofarum (8); C. suis (2); C. ubiquitum (148); C. hominis (1); C. xiaoi (641); C. bovis (66); C. macropodum (4); unknown genotype (1) | C. parvum + C. xiaoi (42); C. parvum + C. ubiquitum (1) | Sweeny et al. [43]; Yang et al. [164]; Ryan et al. [165]; Yang et al. [166, 167] |
| Sheep | Papua New Guinea | 6 | C. parvum (4); C. andersoni (1); C. scrofarum (1) | – | Koinari et al. [138] |
| Sheep | Belgium | 9 | C. parvum (9) | Geurden et al. [139] | |
| Sheep | Greece | 10 | C. parvum (7); C. ubiquitum (3) | – | Tzanidakis [142] |
| Sheep | Romania | 24 | C. parvum (20); C. ubiquitum (2); C. xiaoi (2) | – | Imre et al. [168] |
| Sheep | Scotland | 16 | C. parvum (16) | – | Galuppi et al. [147] |
| Sheep | Spain | 57 | C. parvum (46); C. ubiquitum (11) | – | Díaz et al. [144, 169] |
| Sheep | UK | 133 | C. parvum (121); C. hominis (2); C. bovis (10) | – | Mueller-Doblies et al. [28]; Giles et al. [46]; Smith et al. [121]; Pritchard et al. [170] |
| Sheep | Brazil | 42 | C. parvum (3); C. ubiquitum (24); C. xiaoi (15) | – | Fiuza et al. [171]; Paz e Silva et al. [172]; Zucatto et al. [173] |
| White-tailed deer | Czech Republic | 3 | C. muris (1); C. ryanae (2) | Kotková et al. [150] | |
| Yak | China | 158 | C. andersoni (72); C. ryanae (37); C. bovis (47); C. occultus (2) | – | Yang et al. [164] |
Notes: C. suis (previously known as pig genotype I); C. scrofarum (previously known as pig genotype II); C. ryanae (previously deer-like genotype); C. erinacei (previously described as hedgehog genotype); C. bovis (previously bovine genotype B); C. macropodum (previously marsupial genotype II); C. xiaoi (previously bovis-like genotype); C. hominis (synonym: C. parvum genotype 1); C. parvum (synonym: C. parvum genotype 2); C. ubiquitum (previously identified as Cryptosporidium cervine genotype)
Abbreviations: n, numbers in parentheses are number of positive samples genotypes for each species or genotype