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. 2019 Sep 14;17:309. doi: 10.1186/s12967-019-2058-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — The complexity between collagen and the extracellular matrix. Multiple stromal cells and the extracellular matrix play important roles in stimulating or inhibiting collagen functions via different pathways in cancer progression. Collagen-rich extracellular matrices can bind to other molecules to form dense fibrosis, which induces an anoxic environment and changes the condition of new blood vessels. The behavior of cancer cells is also closely related to collagen. This process also affects the activity and localization of innate and adaptive immune cells