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. 2019 Sep 14;20:359. doi: 10.1186/s12882-019-1554-0

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Flow-chart of study population. * no treatment within 6 months prior to Index Date (ID, i.e. date of ESA treatment start). ESA = erythropoiesis-stimulating agents; Hb = hemoglobin; CKD = chronic kidney disease