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. 2019 Sep 13;16:180. doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1564-7

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

The central pathway of how endotoxin leads to neurodegeneration. Gut endotoxin may enter blood due to leaky gut, e.g. due to alpha-synuclein aggregates. Gum endotoxin may enter blood as a result of gum inflammation or tooth brushing. Blood endotoxin may cause brain inflammation via blood or brain cytokines, or by entering the brain, resulting in neurodegeneration