Table 2.

Facilitating and impeding factors for each domain

Domain	Facilitating factors	Impeding factors
Lifestyle coaches	- High level of work engagement - Empathising with others - Good contacts and getting along with the participants - High involvement - Great enthusiasm - Openness - Supporting instead of directing participants - Patience - Confidence in participants - Knowledge and skills regarding systematic behaviour change	- Lack of entrepreneurship - Lack of networking skills - Not using the professional network for referring
Inner setting	- Having project groups - Locations in the neighbourhood - Support from the health care centre - Cooperation between the LSCs	- No appropriate financial compensation for lifestyle coaches - Too many unpaid administrative tasks for lifestyle coaches
Outer setting
Participants	- Low drop-out rates - Intrinsic motivation to change before the start - High self-efficacy to change	- History of multiple failures in trying to lose weight - Having other more important problems decreases motivation - Financial problems - Sense of not fitting in with the group - Unsupportive parents regarding changing their child’s lifestyle
Referrers	- Personal motivation of referrers - Referrers’ knowledge of and experience with lifestyle coaching and the coaches	- Perceived lack of time or priority to be involved in the programme - Some referrers knew too little about the programme
Context	- Expected future coverage of CLIs by health insurance - Collaborating with other partners and different disciplines - Increased familiarity with the lifestyle coaches and their role	- Health care professional’s unawareness about their role in lifestyle change
Implementation process
Planning	- Involvement of stakeholders in project groups	- Too little time for implementation to create support among the referrers
Engaging	- Creating support - Kick-off meetings - Protocols for lifestyle coaches and referrers	- Not having the logistics organised at the start of the implementation
Executing	- Effective communication and collaboration between lifestyle coaches and referrers - Attending more meetings to inform the referrers - Articles in local newspapers	- Time investment for lifestyle coaches, stakeholders and participants - Too few personal contacts with referrers - Lack of clear communication materials
Reflecting and evaluating	- Most participants were satisfied - Ensuring well-organised preconditions - Having suitable manuals for new lifestyle coaches	- Too heterogeneous groups and large differences between participants - Too much time between contact moments, and between registration and start of the group - Too few individual coaching sessions (for children) - No ambassador in every region
CooL intervention	- Frequent contacts over a period of six months - Optimised combination of individual and group sessions - Not only focusing on nutrition, but multiple themes including stress and sleep - Learning from peers - Whole family takes part in the children’s programme - Home visits for children - Participant-centred approach - Positive approach aimed at increasing autonomous motivation - Knowledge transfer and practical implications for daily life - Approach tailored to the participants’ needs - Flexibility in design and content - Easily accessible for participants - No charge for participants	- Inadequate time slots for group sessions - Strict inclusion criteria - Participant materials with too much text - Materials not suitable for non-Dutch speaking persons