Table 3.
Compilation of results from the studies
| First author | Cognitive performance | Academic achievement | Morbidity risk factors | QoL/well-being |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hallstrom et al. (31) | N/A | N/A | + | N/A |
| Marlatt et al. (32) | N/A | N/A | + | N/A |
| Moschiano et al. (33) | N/A | N/A | + | N/A |
| Papoutsou et al. (29) | N/A | N/A | + | N/A |
| Sese et al. (34) | N/A | N/A | + | N/A |
| Smith et al. (30) | N/A | N/A | + | N/A |
| Walter (35) | N/A | N/A | + | N/A |
| Wennberg et al. (36) | N/A | N/A | + | N/A |
| Wennberg et al. (37) | N/A | N/A | + | N/A |
| Cooper et al. (50) | + | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Defeyter and Russo (49) | + | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Hjorth et al. (27) | + | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Wesnes et al. (38) | + | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Wesnes et al. (39) | + | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Widenhorn-Müller (40) | +/− | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Page et al. (41) | N/A | N/A | N/A | + |
| Richards and Smith (42) | N/A | N/A | N/A | + |
| Smith (51) | N/A | N/A | N/A | + |
| Boschloo et al. (43) | + | + | N/A | N/A |
| Burrows et al. (44) | N/A | + | N/A | N/A |
| Faught et al. (48) | N/A | + | N/A | N/A |
| Lien (45) | N/A | + | N/A | + |
| Littlecott et al. (5) | N/A | + | N/A | N/A |
| Ptomey et al. (28) | N/A | + | N/A | N/A |
| Sampasa-Kanyinga & Hamilton (47) | N/A | + | N/A | N/A |
| Stea and Torstveit (46) | N/A | + | N/A | N/A |
| Number of studies indicating positive effects | 7 (100%) | 8 (100%) | 9 (100%) | 4 (100%) |
| Number of studies indicating negative effects | 1 (14%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Number of studies indicating no effects | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
+ = positive effect, − = negative effect, 0 = no effect, N/A= not applicable.