Table 1.

Twenty-two novel protein-prostate cancer associations for proteins whose encoding genes are located at genomic loci at least 500kb away from any GWAS-identified prostate cancer risk variants

Protein	Protein full name	Protein- encoding gene	Region	Index SNP(s)a	Distance of gene to the index SNP (kb)	Instrument variants	Type of pQTL	ORb	95% CIb	P value	FDR P valuec	P value after adjusting for risk SNPd
ATF6A	Cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha	ATF6	1q23.3	rs4845695	6,824	rs8111, rs61738953	trans, trans	0.90	0.86-0.95	1.31 × 10−4	9.18 × 10−3	1.31 × 10−4
NCF-2	Neutrophil cytosol factor 2	NCF2	1q25.3	rs199774366	20,932	rs4632248, rs28929474	trans, trans	0.95	0.92-0.97	9.93 × 10−5	7.29 × 10−3	NA*
Laminin	Laminin	LAMC1	1q25.3	rs199774366	21,377	rs62199218, rs4129858	trans, cis	0.93	0.89-0.97	4.16 × 10−4	0.03	NA*
RM33	39S ribosomal protein L33_mitochondrial	MRPL33	2p23.2	rs13385191	7,106	rs28929474	trans	0.93	0.90-0.96	9.61 × 10−6	7.43 × 10−4	9.42 × 10−6
LRRN1	Leucine-rich repeat neuronal protein 1	LRRN1	3p26.2	rs2660753	83,221	rs429358, rs6801789	trans, cis	0.97	0.95-0.99	7.21 × 10−4	0.04	7.21 × 10−4
TACT	T-cell surface protein tactile	CD96	3q13.13-3q13.2	rs7611694	1,891	rs3132451	trans	1.22	1.16-1.29	1.02 × 10−12	3.75 × 10−10	1.02 × 10−12
IL-21	Interleukin-21	IL21	4q27	rs34480284	17,469	rs12368181, rs3129897	trans, trans	1.11	1.06-1.16	7.77 × 10−6	7.43 × 10−4	NA*
PDE4D	cAMP-specific 3_5-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D	PDE4D	5q11.2-5q12.1	rs1482679	13,879	rs3132451	trans	1.17	1.12-1.22	1.02 × 10−12	3.75 × 10−10	1.02 × 10−12
GNMT	Glycine N-methyltransferase	GNMT	6p21.1	rs4711748	763	rs57736976	cis	0.93	0.89-0.97	6.80 × 10−4	0.04	2.78 × 10−4
PIM1	Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-1	PIM1	6p21.2	rs9469899	2,345	rs28929474	trans	0.88	0.83-0.93	9.61 × 10−6	7.43 × 10−4	9.42 × 10−6
WISP-3	WNT1-inducible-signaling pathway protein 3	WISP3	6q21	rs2273669	3,090	rs28929474	trans	0.83	0.77-0.90	9.61 × 10−6	7.43 × 10−4	9.42 × 10−6
TPST1	Protein-tyrosine sulfotransferase 1	TPST1	7q11.21	rs56232506	18,233	rs313829	cis	1.14	1.06-1.22	5.23 × 10−4	0.03	5.43 × 10−4
ARFP2	Arfaptin-2	ARFIP2	11p15.4	rs61890184	1,045	rs28929474	trans	1.23	1.12-1.35	9.61 × 10−6	7.43 × 10−4	9.42 × 10−6
GRIA4	Glutamate receptor 4	GRIA4	11q22.3	rs1800057	2,291	rs3132451	trans	1.17	1.12-1.22	1.02 × 10−12	3.75 × 10−10	1.02 × 10−12
KLRF1	Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily F member 1	KLRF1	12p13.31	rs2066827	2,873	rs11708955, rs62143194	trans, trans	1.13	1.05-1.20	5.74 × 10−4	0.03	5.74 × 10−4
GPC6	Glypican-6	GPC6	13q31.3-13q32.1	rs9600079	20,151	rs28929474	trans	0.81	0.73-0.89	9.61 × 10−6	7.43 × 10−4	9.42 × 10−6
TM149	IGF-like family receptor 1	IGFLR1	19q13.12	rs8102476	2,502	rs12459634	cis	1.06	1.02-1.09	7.31 × 10−4	0.04	4.68 × 10−3
TIP39	Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues	PTH2	19q13.33	rs2659124	1,428	rs375375234	trans	1.22	1.13-1.32	3.06 × 10−7	4.99 × 10−5	2.96 × 10−7
ZN175	Zinc finger protein 175	ZNF175	19q13.41	rs2735839	710	rs28929474	trans	0.91	0.87-0.95	9.61 × 10−6	7.43 × 10−4	9.42 × 10−6
NKp46	Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1	NCR1	19q13.42	rs103294	620	rs2278428	cis	1.16	1.06-1.26	9.91 × 10−4	0.05	9.65 × 10−4
SNAB	Beta-soluble NSF attachment protein	NAPB	20p11.21	rs11480453	7,945	rs429358, rs7658970	trans, trans	0.91	0.86-0.96	9.77 × 10−4	0.05	9.77 × 10−4
ZHX3	Zinc fingers and homeoboxes protein 3	ZHX3	20q12	rs11480453	8,460	rs1694123	trans	0.79	0.71-0.88	9.38 × 10−6	7.43 × 10−4	9.67 × 10−6

^aClosest risk variant identified in previous GWAS or fine-mapping studies for prostate cancer risk.

^bOR (odds ratio) and CI (confidence interval) per one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted protein

^cFDR P value: false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted p value; associations with a FDR p≤0.05 considered statistically significant

^dusing COJO method(27)

NA*: the adjacent risk variant is not available in the 1000 Genomes Project data