Table 1.
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and glycemic control of diabetes by other important factors in the RaNCD cohort study.
| Variables | N | Diabetes prevalence (95% CI) | Awareness (95% CI) | Treatment (95% CI) | Glycemic control (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 9999 | 8.19 (7.67, 8.74) | 74.97 (71.88, 77.82) | 74.75 (71.16, 78.04) | 32.68 (28.53, 37.12) |
| Gender | |||||
| Males | 4740 | 7.97 (7.24, 8.78) | 79.05 (64.19, 73.52) | 76.24 (70.68, 81.03) | 33.16 (26.94, 40.03) |
| Females | 5259 | 8.38 (7.77, 9.16) | 80.04 (76.04, 83.52) | 73.65 (68.79, 78.01) | 32.31 (26.88, 38.26) |
| p value | 0.454 | <0.0001 | 0.456 | 0.846 | |
| Age group (year) | |||||
| 35-44 | 3544 | 3.07 (2.55, 3.70) | 66.97 (57.57, 75.18) | 72.60 (61.19, 81.66) | 39.62 (27.32, 53.39) |
| 45-54 | 3593 | 8.85 (7.96, 9.82) | 71.39 (66.15, 76.09) | 74.45 (68.35, 79.72) | 31.36 (24.78, 38.78) |
| 55 and more | 2861 | 13.70 (12.49, 15.01) | 80.10 (75.84, 83.77) | 75.48 (70.39, 79.93) | 32.07 (26.41, 38.30) |
| p value | <0.0001 | 0.003 | 0.871 | 0.513 | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Single | 420 | 2.38 (1.28, 4.37) | 71.53 (35.88, 90.68) | 28.57 (6.35, 70.23) | 50.00 (1.92, 98.07) |
| Married | 9017 | 8.34 (7.79, 8.93) | 74.87 (71.63, 77.84) | 75.49 (71.75, 78.87) | 33.65 (29.29, 38.29) |
| Widow/divorced/other | 561 | 10.16 (7.92, 12.95) | 77.19 (64.43, 86.35) | 72.73 (57.65, 83.93) | 18.75 (8.54, 36.31) |
| p value | <0.0001 | 0.867 | 0.017 | 0.194 | |
| Education (year) | |||||
| Illiterate | 2482 | 10.87 (9.71, 12.16) | 75.92 (70.45, 80.67) | 77.56 (71.31, 82.78) | 34.59 (27.57, 42.35) |
| 1-5 years | 3821 | 8.29 (7.46, 9.21) | 76.34 (71.33, 80.71) | 70.66 (64.59, 76.07) | 29.24 (22.88, 36.53) |
| 6-9 years | 1657 | 7.18 (6.03, 8.53) | 70.58 (61.75, 78.11) | 82.14 (72.38, 88.98) | 46.37 (34.91, 58.24) |
| 10 and more | 2038 | 5.54 (4.63, 6.63) | 73.45 (64.51, 80.81) | 72.29 (61.64, 80.90) | 21.67 (12.94, 33.98) |
| p value | <0.0001 | 0.614 | 0.127 | 0.016 | |
| Residential areas | |||||
| Urban | 5909 | 9.12 (8.41, 9.88) | 75.88 (72.07, 79.31) | 74.08 (69.60, 78.11) | 33.66 (28.54, 39.19) |
| Rural | 4090 | 6.84 (6.11, 7.66) | 73.21 (67.70, 78.09) | 76.09 (69.75, 81.46) | 30.77 (23.99, 38.49) |
| p value | <0.0001 | 0.403 | 0.588 | 0.531 | |
| Economic status | |||||
| Poorest | 1993 | 7.58 (6.49, 8.82) | 75.50 (67.97, 81.73) | 74.56 (65.73, 81.75) | 34.12 (24.78, 44.87) |
| 2nd poorest | 1991 | 8.79 (7.62, 10.11) | 73.14 (66.06, 79.21) | 72.66 (64.25, 79.71) | 31.18 (22.55, 41.35) |
| Middle | 1989 | 8.95 (7.78, 10.28) | 80.90 (74.42, 86.04) | 75.69 (67.98, 82.03) | 34.86 (26.46, 44.32) |
| 2nd richest | 1992 | 8.03 (6.92, 9.31) | 69.37 (61.77, 76.05) | 76.58 (67.75, 83.57) | 34.12 (24.78, 44.87) |
| Richest | 1975 | 7.49 (6.41, 8.74) | 75.67 (68.08, 81.94) | 74.11 (65.16, 81.41) | 30.12 (21.17, 40.89) |
| p value | 0.306 | 0.172 | 0.964 | 0.949 | |
| BMI (9956) | |||||
| ≤18.4: underweight | 2937 | 5.17 (4.43, 6.04) | 82.24 (75.30, 87.55) | 84.00 (76.44, 89.46) | 26.67 (19.04, 35.99) |
| 18.5-24.99: normal | 4311 | 8.30 (7.52, 9.17) | 76.81 (72.15, 80.91) | 76.00 (70.57, 80.69) | 34.93 (28.74, 41.67) |
| 25.0 and more: overweight | 2678 | 11.02 (9.88, 12.26) | 68.47 (62.93, 73.54) | 66.34 (59.51, 72.54) | 34.33 (26.74, 42.81) |
| p value | <0.0001 | 0.003 | 0.001 | 0.307 | |
| WHR (n = 9962) | |||||
| Normal | 1752 | 4.51 (3.63, 5.59) | 83.54 (73.59, 90.24) | 81.82 (70.53, 89.43) | 29.63 (18.91, 43.19) |
| Central obesity | 8174 | 8.89 (8.28, 9.52) | 73.83 (70.50, 76.91) | 73.51 (69.59, 77.08) | 33.25 (28.75, 38.07) |
| p value | <0.0001 | 0.059 | 0.144 | 0.595 | |
| Smoking habit | |||||
| Nonsmoker | 7976 | 7.85 (7.28, 8.46) | 76.36 (72.86, 79.53) | 75.52 (71.45, 79.18) | 32.13 (27.49, 37.15) |
| Smoker | 1169 | 7.53 (6.15, 9.19) | 63.63 (53.05, 73.05) | 75.00 (61.19, 84.68) | 33.33 (20.68, 48.95) |
| Ex-smoker | 826 | 12.47 (10.38, 14.90) | 66.47 (66.47, 83.07) | 69.23 (58.07, 78.51) | 37.04 (25.17, 50.71) |
| p value | <0.0001 | 0.035 | 0.495 | 0.772 | |
| Daily physical activity (METs) | |||||
| 24-36.5 = low | 2748 | 9.82 (8.77, 10.99) | 76.67 (71.23, 81.34) | 77.29 (71.06, 82.51) | 31.25 (24.51, 38.88) |
| 36.6-44.9 = moderate | 5137 | 8.27 (7.55, 9.06) | 76.47 (72.19, 80.27) | 73.84 (68.78, 78.35) | 34.17 (28.42, 40.42) |
| ≥45 = vigorous | 2107 | 5.88 (4.96, 6.97) | 66.13 (57.32, 73.94) | 71.95 (61.21, 80.65) | 30.51 (20.04, 43.46) |
| p value | <0.0001 | 0.048 | 0.551 | 0.772 | |
| Family history of hypertension (n = 10022) | |||||
| None | 6574 | 5.62 (5.09, 6.21) | 68.11 (63.17, 72.67) | 74.60 (68.84, 79.61) | 32.98 (26.60, 40.05) |
| Second degree | 839 | 7.64 (6.12, 9.76) | 75.38 (63.40, 84.41) | 61.22 (46.88, 73.86) | 40.00 (24.04, 58.40) |
| First degree | 2586 | 14.85 (13.53, 16.27) | 81.51 (77.29, 85.09) | 76.99 (71.99, 81.34) | 31.53 (25.96, 37.70) |
| p value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.061 | 0.643 | |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| None | 4835 | 4.05 (3.53, 4.65) | 67.86 (60.97, 74.04) | 72.93 (64.71, 79.83) | 25.77 (17.99, 35.45) |
| Hypertension | 726 | 11.57 (9.44, 14.11) | 77.38 (67.15, 85.13) | 78.46 (66.72, 86.87) | 45.09 (31.97, 58.95) |
| Dyslipidemia | 3592 | 9.49 (8.58, 10.49) | 73.31 (68.35, 77.75) | 73.20 (67.34, 78.34) | 31.69 (25.33, 38.82) |
| Both | 846 | 23.40 (20.67, 26.37) | 83.84 (78.01, 88.35) | 77.11 (70.07, 82.89) | 34.37 (26.62, 43.06) |
| p value | <0.0001 | 0.002 | 0.679 | 0.115 | |
| Healthy eating index | |||||
| 5409 | 6.93 (6.28, 7.64) | 73.87 (69.17, 78.07) | 73.28 (67.74, 78.18) | 33.00 (26.86, 39.79) | |
| 4590 | 9.67 (8.85, 10.56) | 75.90 (71.69, 79.66) | 75.96 (71.09, 80.24) | 32.42 (26.95, 38.42) | |
| p value | <0.0001 | 0.503 | 0.447 | 0.895 | |