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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropharmacology. 2019 Apr 8;158:107597. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.04.003

Figure 7:

Figure 7:

Effects of R-VK4-40 and/or oxycodone on thermal nociceptive responses in rats. A: The time course of the analgesic effects of oxycodone or R-VK4-40 alone as assessed in the hotplate test. B: Thirty-minute pretreatment with R-VK4-40 produced an upward shift in the dose-response curve of oxycodone-induced analgesia at 15 minutes post-injection, suggesting enhanced antinociceptive effects. C: Thirty-minute pretreatment with R-VK4-40 dose-dependently suppressed sucrose self-administration in mice. D: Open-field locomotor behavior indicating that R-VK4-40 had no effect on locomotion in rats. E: Rotarod mobility is similarly unaffected by R-VK4-40 treatment in mice. F: Combination of R-VK4-40 with 1 mg/kg oxycodone produced a non-significant trend towards locomotor sedation in mice. *p<0.05, ** p<0.01, ***p<0.001 compared to control groups.