TABLE 1.
Summary of patient and dAVF features overall and by hemorrhagic presentation
| Variable | All (n = 147) | Hemorrhagic (n = 36) | Nonhemorrhagic (n = 111) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD) | 56 ± 14 | 55 ± 12 | 56 ± 14 |
| Female | 61 (41.5) | 11 (30.6) | 50 (45.1) |
| Prior treatment for dAVF | 73 (49.7) | 18 (50.0) | 55 (49.6) |
| Any endovascular | 66 (44.9) | 15 (41.7) | 51 (46.0) |
| Endovasc ≥2 times | 26 (17.7) | 8 (22.2) | 18 (16.2) |
| Craniotomy | 8 (5.4) | 4 (11.1) | 4 (3.6) |
| SRS* | 5 (3.7) | 2 (5.6) | 3 (2.7) |
| Patient presenting Sxs | |||
| Headache | 76 (51.7) | 32 (88.9) | 44 (39.6) |
| Tinnitus | 47 (32.0) | 1 (2.8) | 46 (41.4) |
| Visual changes | 29 (19.7) | 5 (13.9) | 24 (21.6) |
| Asymptomatic | 14 (9.5) | 2 (5.6) | 12 (10.8) |
| NHNDs | 29 (19.7) | 0 (0.0) | 29 (19.7) |
| Neurological deficit | 31 (21.1) | 10 (27.8) | 21 (18.9) |
| Seizures | 10 (6.8) | 2 (5.6) | 8 (7.2) |
| Spinal drainage | 27 (19.9) | 11 (30.6) | 16 (14.4) |
| Associated edema | 14 (8.8) | 7 (19.4) | 7 (6.3) |
| Multihole dAVF | 55 (37.4) | 13 (36.1) | 42 (37.8) |
| Any cort venous drainage | 78 (53.1) | 28 (77.8) | 50 (45.1) |
| Venous ectasia | 36 (24.5) | 13 (36.1) | 16 (14.4) |
| Maximum dAVF diameter* | |||
| Small (≤10 mm) | 24 (24.0) | 6 (16.7) | 18 (16.2) |
| Medium (11–20 mm) | 45 (45.0) | 11 (30.6) | 34 (30.6) |
| Large (>20 mm) | 31 (31.0) | 8 (22.2) | 23 (20.7) |
| Location of dAVF | |||
| Transverse/sigmoid | 52 (35.4) | 9 (25.0) | 43 (38.7) |
| Tentorial | 40 (27.2) | 12 (33.3) | 28 (25.2) |
| Carotid cavernous | 21 (14.3) | 3 (8.3) | 18 (16.2) |
| Torcular | 12 (8.2) | 6 (16.7) | 6 (5.4) |
| Anterior fossa | 12 (8.2) | 3 (8.3) | 9 (8.1) |
| Convexity | 10 (6.8) | 5 (13.8) | 5 (4.5) |
| Sagittal | 8 (5.4) | 3 (8.3) | 5 (4.5) |
| Middle fossa | 7 (4.8) | 1 (2.8) | 6 (5.4) |
| Borden grade* | |||
| 1 | 49 (35.8) | 5 (15.2) | 44 (42.3) |
| 2 | 32 (23.4) | 8 (24.3) | 24 (23.1) |
| 3 | 56 (40.9) | 20 (60.6) | 26 (34.6) |
| Cognard classification* | |||
| І | 42 (30.9) | 4 (12.1) | 38 (36.9) |
| ІІa | 10 (7.4) | 1 (3.0) | 9 (8.7) |
| ІІb | 11 (8.1) | 2 (6.1) | 9 (8.7) |
| ІІab | 10 (7.4) | 3 (9.1) | 7 (6.8) |
| ІІІ | 8 (5.9) | 3 (9.1) | 5 (4.9) |
| ІV | 28 (20.6) | 9 (27.3) | 19 (18.5) |
| V | 27 (19.9) | 11 (33.3) | 16 (15.5) |
Cort = cortical; endovasc = endovascular; SRS = stereotactic radiosurgery; Sxs = symptoms.
Unless stated otherwise, data are presented as the number (%) of patients.
*
Data only available for a portion of total patients (percentage of available patients shown).