Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2018 Oct 15;25(4):344–358. doi: 10.1177/1073858418805002

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2018

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 4. — Factors influencing the effect of optogenetic stimulation of interneurons during seizures. (A) Stimulation frequency: the effect of PV+ (parvalbumin) but not SOM+ (somatostatin) cell photo-stimulation is frequency-dependent. (B) Location of stimulation relative to the seizure focus: photo-activation of interneurons within the focus is pro-ictogenic, while outside is anti-ictogenic. (C) Timing of stimulation relative to the seizure onset: optogenetic intervention before or early in the seizure can potentiate interneuron-mediated inhibition, while photo-activation at later time points—when the seizure has spread—may lead to pro-epileptic effects. (D) Interneuronal subtype: the effect of activating PV+ interneurons changes over time, while SOM+ neuron stimulation is anti-epileptic throughout seizures.