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Genetic upregulation of proteasome activity: (A) Activation of Nrf2 through small molecule oxidation and/or conjugation of keap1 cysteine residues promotes Nrf2-driven proteasome expression and activity. (B) Overexpression of proteasome β−5 and Rpn6 subunits increases 26S assembly and activity, while overexpression of N-terminal truncated α−3 subunit results in hyperactive open-gate 20S and 26S proteasomes.
